肥胖女性中PAI-1 (F2, F5, FGB) 基因多态性的流行情况： 对妊娠过程的影响

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在孕妇中，肥胖与携带血栓倾向相关基因多态性（PAI-1、F5、F2、FGB）共同存在时，会显著增加产科并发症的风险。肥胖相关的代谢紊乱（高胰岛素血症、促炎细胞因子水平升高）可增强上述基因的表达，导致明显的止血系统功能障碍，包括高凝状态、纤溶功能减退以及胎盘形成障碍。这些异常临床表现为子痫前期、胎儿生长受限、妊娠期糖尿病和静脉血栓栓塞的发生率增加。 不同基因多态性（尤其是F2和FGB）的作用具有不确定性，并且高度依赖于患者的种族背景及其与其他遗传变异的组合。例如，PAI-1 4G/5G在某些人群中与风险密切相关，而F5 Leiden单独存在时，在未合并PAI-1突变或肥胖的情况下，很少与胎盘相关并发症相关联。应对这一问题需采取个体化策略。抗凝治疗（如低分子肝素）主要在合并高血栓风险时有效，但改善胎盘功能还需额外控制代谢紊乱（如减重及胰岛素抵抗的矫正）。未来研究的重点是制定考虑种族特异性、组合型基因谱及生物标志物动态变化的干预算法。

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作者简介

Madina M. Mukhtarova

Dagestan State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: arabakor@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-7153-0080
SPIN 代码: 4980-5340
俄罗斯联邦, 1 Lenin sq, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000

Zukhra A. Abusueva

Dagestan State Medical University

Email: zuhraabusueva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7729-1606
SPIN 代码: 2434-9228

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, 1 Lenin sq, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000

Natella A. Stefanyan

Dagestan State Medical University

Email: nstefanyan@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6418-5599
SPIN 代码: 4124-1850

Associate Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 1 Lenin sq, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000

Svetlana A. Alieva

Dagestan State Medical University

Email: svetlanaaidemirovna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0005-8384-2952
SPIN 代码: 3099-7711

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 1 Lenin sq, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000

Salidat M. Mamayeva

Dagestan State Medical University

Email: mamaeva.salidat@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8884-0420
SPIN 代码: 9357-0321

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

俄罗斯联邦, 1 Lenin sq, Makhachkala, Republic of Dagestan, 367000

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СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
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