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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">687162</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/aog687162</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">FNFZJI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Prevalence of <italic>PAI-1 (F2, F5, FGB)</italic> gene polymorphisms in women with obesity: impact on pregnancy outcomes</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Распространённость полиморфизма <italic>PAI-1 (F2, F5, FGB)</italic> у женщин с ожирением: влияние на гестационный процесс</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>肥胖女性中<italic>PAI-1 (F2, F5, FGB)</italic> 基因多态性的流行情况： 对妊娠过程的影响</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7153-0080</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4980-5340</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mukhtarova</surname><given-names>Madina M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мухтарова</surname><given-names>Мадина Мухтаровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mukhtarova</surname><given-names>Madina M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>arabakor@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7729-1606</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2434-9228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abusueva</surname><given-names>Zukhra A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абусуева</surname><given-names>Зухра Абусуевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Abusueva</surname><given-names>Zukhra A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>zuhraabusueva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6418-5599</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4124-1850</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stefanyan</surname><given-names>Natella A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стефанян</surname><given-names>Натэлла Амлетовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Stefanyan</surname><given-names>Natella A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Associate Professor</p></bio><email>nstefanyan@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8384-2952</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3099-7711</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alieva</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алиева</surname><given-names>Светлана Айдемировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Alieva</surname><given-names>Svetlana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>svetlanaaidemirovna@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-0420</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9357-0321</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Mamayeva</surname><given-names>Salidat M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мамаева</surname><given-names>Салидат Магдиевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Mamayeva</surname><given-names>Salidat M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><email>mamaeva.salidat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Dagestan State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Дагестанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Dagestan State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-08-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-10-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>3</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>295</fpage><lpage>305</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-07-09"><day>09</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-07-29"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-10-26"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/687162">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/687162</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The coexistence of obesity and thrombophilic gene polymorphisms (<italic>PAI-1, F5, F2, FGB</italic>) in pregnant women significantly increases the risk of obstetric complications. Metabolic disturbances in obesity (hyperinsulinemia, elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines) potentiate the expression of these genes, leading to pronounced hemostatic disorders such as hypercoagulation, hypofibrinolysis, and impaired placentation. Clinically, this manifests as higher rates of preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes, and venous thromboembolism. The impact of individual polymorphisms (particularly <italic>F2</italic> and <italic>FGB</italic>) remains controversial and largely depends on the patient’s ethnic background and combinations with other genetic variants. For instance, <italic>PAI-1</italic> 4G/5G shows a consistent association with adverse outcomes in some populations, whereas isolated <italic>F5</italic> Leiden polymorphism rarely correlates with placental complications without synergistic effects from <italic>PAI-1</italic> or obesity. Addressing this issue requires personalized strategies. Anticoagulant therapy (low-molecular-weight heparins) is effective mainly in cases of high combined thrombotic risk, but additional control of metabolic disorders (weight reduction, correction of insulin resistance) is essential to manage placental insufficiency. Future research priorities include the development of ethnicity-adapted algorithms integrating combinatorial genetic profiles and biomarker changes.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Сочетание ожирения и носительства тромбофилических полиморфизмов генов (<italic>PAI-1, F5, F2, FGB</italic>) у беременных значительно повышает риск акушерских осложнений. Метаболические нарушения при ожирении (гиперинсулинемия, увеличение количества провоспалительных цитокинов) потенцируют экспрессию этих генов, приводя к выраженным нарушениям гемостаза: гиперкоагуляции, гипофибринолизу и нарушению плацентации. Это клинически проявляется повышенной частотой преэклампсии, задержки роста плода, гестационного диабета и венозных тромбоэмболий. Влияние конкретных полиморфизмов (особенно <italic>F2</italic> и <italic>FGB</italic>) неоднозначно и сильно зависит от этнического происхождения пациенток и комбинаций с другими генетическими вариантами. Например, <italic>PAI-1</italic> 4G/5G демонстрирует устойчивую связь с рисками в одних популяциях, в то время как в других изолированный <italic>F5</italic> Leiden редко ассоциирован с плацентарными осложнениями без синергии с <italic>PAI-1</italic> или ожирением. Решение данной проблемы требует персонализированных стратегий. Антикоагулянтная терапия (низкомолекулярные гепарины) эффективна преимущественно при высоком комбинированном риске тромбозов, но для коррекции плацентарной недостаточности необходим дополнительный контроль метаболических нарушений (снижение веса, коррекция инсулинорезистентности). Приоритетом дальнейших исследований является разработка этноадаптированных алгоритмов, учитывающих комбинаторные генетические профили и динамику биомаркеров.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>在孕妇中，肥胖与携带血栓倾向相关基因多态性（PAI-1、F5、F2、FGB）共同存在时，会显著增加产科并发症的风险。肥胖相关的代谢紊乱（高胰岛素血症、促炎细胞因子水平升高）可增强上述基因的表达，导致明显的止血系统功能障碍，包括高凝状态、纤溶功能减退以及胎盘形成障碍。这些异常临床表现为子痫前期、胎儿生长受限、妊娠期糖尿病和静脉血栓栓塞的发生率增加。 不同基因多态性（尤其是F2和FGB）的作用具有不确定性，并且高度依赖于患者的种族背景及其与其他遗传变异的组合。例如，PAI-1 4G/5G在某些人群中与风险密切相关，而F5 Leiden单独存在时，在未合并PAI-1突变或肥胖的情况下，很少与胎盘相关并发症相关联。应对这一问题需采取个体化策略。抗凝治疗（如低分子肝素）主要在合并高血栓风险时有效，但改善胎盘功能还需额外控制代谢紊乱（如减重及胰岛素抵抗的矫正）。未来研究的重点是制定考虑种族特异性、组合型基因谱及生物标志物动态变化的干预算法。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>polymorphisms</kwd><kwd>obesity</kwd><kwd>PAI-1</kwd><kwd>F5</kwd><kwd>F2</kwd><kwd>FGB</kwd><kwd>prothrombin</kwd><kwd>fibrinogen</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>thrombophilia</kwd><kwd>preeclampsia</kwd><kwd>gestational diabetes</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>полиморфизмы</kwd><kwd>ожирение</kwd><kwd>PAI-1</kwd><kwd>F5</kwd><kwd>F2</kwd><kwd>FGB</kwd><kwd>протромбин</kwd><kwd>фибриноген</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>тромбофилия</kwd><kwd>преэклампсия</kwd><kwd>гестационный сахарный диабет</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>多态性</kwd><kwd>肥胖</kwd><kwd>PAI-1</kwd><kwd>F5</kwd><kwd>F2</kwd><kwd>FGB</kwd><kwd>凝血酶原</kwd><kwd>纤维蛋白原</kwd><kwd>妊娠</kwd><kwd>血栓性体质</kwd><kwd>子痫前期</kwd><kwd>妊娠期糖尿病</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Samfireag M, Potre C, Potre O, et al. 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