Modern view of the problem of premature ovarian insufficiency.

The syndrome of premature ovarian insufficiency is a complex and multifactorial condition, of which the primary clinical manifestation is stable or episodic amenorrhea lasting for at least 4 months. This pathology is diagnosed before the age of 40. The relevance of this article lies in a more detailed study of the causes, pathogenesis, and main clinical symptoms of premature ovarian insufficiency. Special attention is paid to the early diagnosis of this condition in young and middle-aged fertile women to determine the appropriate treatment to preserve the reproductive potential, as well as to modern scientific research on this topic. In particular, relatively new methods such as platelet-rich plasma therapy, exosome therapy, in vitro cell activation, stem cell therapy, microRNA therapy, and mitochondrial-targeted therapy show positive results. These experimental treatment strategies aim to activate oogenesis and folliculogenesis by enhancing natural biochemical pathways (neo-folliculogenesis) and improving the ovarian microenvironment.