Caesarean section ‒ global trends (literature review)

Cover Page


Cite item

Full Text

Open Access Open Access
Restricted Access Access granted
Restricted Access Subscription or Fee Access

Abstract

Caesarean section (CS) is the most commonly performed surgical operation in the world. Since its introduction in obstetric practice, caesarean section rates have continuously increased in both developed and developing countries. A substantial proportion of this increment was due to unnecessary operations attributable to nonevidencebased indications, professional convenience, maternal request, and overmedicalisation of childbirth. The review examines current data on operative abdominal delivery in the world.

Full Text

Restricted Access

About the authors

Elizaveta Yu. Lebedenko

Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: lebedenko08@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2602-1486

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

Russian Federation, 344012, Rostov-on-Don

Aleksandr F. Mikhel’son

Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: michelson.a.f@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6792-0982

Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor

Russian Federation, 344012, Rostov-on-Don

Angelina V. Bespalaya

Perinatal Center

Email: angelina-koshka@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8891-0425
Russian Federation, 344068, Rostov-on-Don

Natalia V. Sablina

Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: natalie_sablina@yahoo.de
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8068-120X
Russian Federation, 344012, Rostov-on-Don

M. A. Rymashevskii

Rostov State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation

Email: mikhail.rymashevskiy@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5862-5762
Russian Federation, 344012, Rostov-on-Don

References

  1. Mi J, Liu F. Rate of caesarean section is alarming in China. Lancet. 2014;383(9927):1463–1464.
  2. Bruggmann D, Lohlein LK, Louwen F, Quarcoo D, Jaque J, Klingelhofer D, et al. Caesarean Section ‒ A Density-Equalizing Mapping Study to Depict Its Global Research Architecture. Intern J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(11):14690–14708. doi: 10.3390/ijerph121114690
  3. Vogel JP, Betran AP, Vindevoghel N, Souza JP, Torloni MR, Zhang J, et al. Use of the Robson classification to assess caesarean section trends in 21 countries: a secondary analysis of two WHO multicountry surveys. Lancet Glob Health. 2015;3(5):e260–e270. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(15)70094-X
  4. Victora CG, Barros FC. Beware: unnecessary caesarean sections may be hazardous. Lancet. 2006;367(9525):1796–1797. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68780-1
  5. WHO Statement on Caesarean Section Rates. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2015 (WHO/RHR/15.02). Available at: https://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/maternal_perinatal_health/cs-statement/en/
  6. Stanton CK, Dubourg D, De Brouwere V, Pujades M, Ronsmans C. Reliability of data on cesarean sections in developing countries. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(6):449–455. doi: 10.1590/S0042-96862005000600013
  7. Bryce J, Requejo J. Tracking progress in maternal, newborn, and child survival: The Countdown 2008 report. New York: UNICEF; 2008. Available at: https://www.who.int/pmnch/Countdownto2015FINALREPORT-apr7.pdf?ua=1
  8. Boyle A, Reddy UM, Landy HJ, Huang C-C, Driggers RW, Laughon KS. Primary Cesarean Delivery in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2013;122(1):33–40. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e3182952242.
  9. Macfarlane A, Blondel B, Mohangoo A, Cuttini M, Nijhuis J, Novak Z, et al. Wide differences in mode of delivery within Europe: risk-stratified analyses of aggregated routine data from the Euro-Peristat study. BJOG. 2016;123(4):559–568. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13284
  10. Gibbons L, Belizán J, Lauer J, Betrán A, Merialdi M, Althabe F. The global numbers and costs of additionally needed and unnecessary caesarean sections performed per year: Overuse as a barrier to universal coverage: World Health Report. Background Paper; 2010: (30). Geneva, Switzerland. Available at: http://www.who.int/healthsystems/topics/financing/healthreport/30C- sectioncosts.pdf
  11. Niino Y. The increasing cesarean rate globally and what we can do about it. Bioscience Trends. 2011;5:139–150. doi: 10.5582/bst. 2011.v5.4.139
  12. Betran AP, Ye J, Moller AB, Zhang J, Gumezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The increasing trend in cesarean section rates: Global, regional, and national estimates: 1990–2014. PLoS One. 2016;11(2):e148343. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148343
  13. Harper MA, Bymgton RP, Espeland MA Naughton M, Meyer R, Lane K. Pregnancy-related death and health care services. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;102(2):273–278. doi: 10.1016/s0029-7844(03)00408-3
  14. Althabe F, Sosa C, Belizán JM, Gibbons L, Jacquerioz F, Bergel E. Cesarean section rates and maternal and neonatal mortality in low-, medium-, and high- income countries: an ecological study. Birth. 2006;33(4):270–277. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-536X.2006.00118. x
  15. Clark SL, Belfort MA, Dildy GA, Herbst MA, Meyers JA, Hankins GD. Maternal death in the 21st century: causes, prevention, and relationship to cesarean delivery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2008;199(1):e1–e5. discuss 91–92; e7–e11. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2008.03.007
  16. Volpe FM. Correlation of cesarean rates to maternal and infant mortality rates: an ecologic study of official international data. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública. 2011;29(5):303–308. doi: 10.1590/s1020-49892011000500001
  17. Souza JP, Gülmezoglu A, Lumbiganon P, Laopaiboon M, Carroli G, Fawoleet B, et al. Caesarean section without medical indications is associated with an increased risk of adverse short-term maternal outcomes: the 2004–2008 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health. BMC Medicine. 2010;8:71. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7015-8-71
  18. Zizza A, Tinelli A, Malvasi A, Barbone E, Stark M, De Donno A, et al. Caesarean section in the world: a new ecological approach. J Prev Med Hyg. 2011;52(4):161–173.
  19. Villar J, Carroli G, Zavaleta N. Maternal and neonatal individual risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery: multicentre prospective study. BMJ. 2007;335:1025. doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39363.706956.55
  20. Trends in Maternal Mortality: 1990 to 2015. Estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, the World Bank and the United Nations Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2014. Available at: http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/monitoring/maternal-mortality-2015/en. Accessed Feb 20, 2016.
  21. Filippi V, Chou D, Ronsmans C, Graham W, Say L. Levels and causes of maternal mortality and morbidity. (Chapter 3). In: Black RE, Laxminarayan R, Temmerman M, Walker N, eds. Reproductive, Maternal, Newborn, and Child Health: Disease Control Priorities. 3-rd ed. Washington (DC): The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, The World Bank; 2016:2. doi: 10.1596/978-1-4648-0348-2
  22. Leite R, Araújo T. Fatores de risco para mortalida de maternal emáreaur bana do Nordeste do Brasil (Risk factors for maternal mortality in na urban área of Northeast Brazil). Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 2011;27:1977–1985. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2011001000011
  23. Romero-Gutiérrez G1, Espitia-Vera A, Ponce-Ponce de León AL, Huerta-Vargas LF. Risk factors of maternal death in Mexico. Birth. 2007;34(1):21–25. doi: 10.1111/j.1523-536X.2006.00142. x
  24. Kamilya G, Seal SL, Mukherji J, Bhattacharyya SK, Hazra A. Maternal mortality and cesarean delivery: an analytical observational study. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2010;36(2):248–253. doi: 10.1111/j.1447-0756.2009.01125. x
  25. Villar J, Carroli G, Zavaleta N, et al. Maternal and neonatal individual risks and benefits associated with caesarean delivery: multicentre prospective study. BMJ. 2007;335:1025–1036. doi: 10.1136/bmj.39363.706956.55
  26. Nakamura-Pereira M, Leal MC, Esteves-Pereira AP, Domingues RMSM, Torres JA, Dias MAB, et al. Use of Robson classification to assess cesarean section rate in Brazil: the role of source of payment for childbirth. Reprod Health. 2016;13(Suppl. 3):128. doi: 10.1186/s12978-016-0228-7
  27. Ramires de Jesus G, Ramires de Jesus N, Peixoto-Filho FM, Lobato G. Caesarean rates in Brazil: what is involved? BJOG. 2015;122(5):606–609. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.13119
  28. Domingues RMSM, Dias MAB, Nakamura-Pereira M, Torres JA, d’Orsi E, Pereira APE, et al. Process of decision-making regarding the mode of birth in Brazil: from the initial preference of women to the final mode of birth. Cad Saude Publica. 2014;30:S101–S116. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00105113
  29. Villar J, Valladares E, Wojdyla D, Zavaleta N, Carroli G, Velazco A, et al. Caesarean delivery rates and pregnancy outcomes: the 2005 WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health in Latin America. Lancet. 2006;367(9525):1819–1829. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68704-7
  30. Ye J, Betran AP, Guerrero Vela M, Souza JP, Zhang J. Searching for the optimal rate of medically necessary cesarean delivery. Birth. 2014;41(3):237–244. doi: 10.1111/birt.12104
  31. Paterson-Brown S, Amu O, Rajendran S, Bolaji II. Should doctors perform an elective caesarean section on request? Yes, as long as the woman is fully informed. Maternal choice alone should not determine method of delivery. BMJ. 1998;317:462.
  32. Harer W. Patient choice cesarean. Am Coll Obstet Gynecol Clin Review. 2000;5:2. doi: 10.1016/S1085-6862(00)00030-3
  33. Torloni MR, Betrán AP, Montilla P, Scolaro E, Seuc AH, Mazzoni A, et al. Do Italian women prefer cesarean section? Results from a survey on mode of delivery preferences. BMC. Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2013;13(1):78. doi: 10.1186/1471-2393-13-78
  34. Al-Mufti R, McCarthy A, Fisk NM. Survey of obstetricians’ personal preference and discretionary practice. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 1997;73:1–4. doi: 10.1016/s0301-2115(96)02692-9
  35. Gabbe SG, Holzman GB. Obstetricians’ choice of delivery. Lancet. 2001;357:722. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)71484-7
  36. Minkoff H, Powderly KR, Chervenak F, McCullough LB. Ethical dimensions of elective primary cesarean delivery. Obstet Gynecol. 2004;103:387–392. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000107288.44622.2a
  37. Usha Kiran TS, Jayawickrama NS. Who is responsible for the rising caesarean section rate? J Obstet Gynaecol. 2002;22(4):363–365. doi: 10.1080/01443610220141263
  38. Handfield B, Turnbull S, Bell RJ. What do obstetricians think about media influences on their patients? Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2006;46(5):379–383. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828X.2006.00621. x
  39. Moyer CA, Vishnu LO, Sonnad SS. Providing health information to women. The role of magazines. Int J Technol Assess Health Care. 2001;17(1):137–145. doi: 10.1017/s0266462301104125
  40. Torloni MR, Campos Mansilla B, Merialdi M, Betran AP. What do popular Spanish women’s magazines say about caesarean section? A 21-year survey. BJOG. 2014;121(5):548–555. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.12513

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
Action
1. JATS XML

Copyright (c) 2021 Eco-Vector



СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ:
ПИ № ФС 77 - 86335 от 11.12.2023 г.  
СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
Регистрационный номер и дата принятия решения о регистрации СМИ:
ЭЛ № ФС 77 - 80633 от 15.03.2021 г.



This website uses cookies

You consent to our cookies if you continue to use our website.

About Cookies