Genetic origins of recurrent miscarriage: A review of the literature

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Abstract

Currently, recurrent miscarriage is considered a polygenic multifactorial disease, that is, a condition in which the predisposition to miscarriage is related to various genetic factors. The realization of these factors depends largely on the environment. This paper analyzes the current world literature on the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes associated with recurrent miscarriage. The literature review summarized data from recent meta-analyses regarding the association between recurrent miscarriage and genetic polymorphisms leading to endothelial dysfunction (vascular endothelial growth factor A gene and endothelial NO synthase genes), hereditary thrombophilia (Leiden mutation and polymorphisms in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene), immunological disorders (cytokine genes, including interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), altered receptor interactions in the endometrium (progesterone receptor and ESR1 and ESR2 estrogen receptor genes), and imbalance between lipoproteins of different densities (apolipoprotein E gene). The study of genetic predisposition to miscarriage is necessary to identify high-risk cases, initiate timely and careful monitoring, and develop personalized preventive techniques.

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About the authors

Natalia I. Zaytseva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: tata-zaitseva@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2849-5191

MD, graduate student

Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991

Daria B. Revina

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Medical scientific and educational center of Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: lozinskaya.daria@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9801-7289
SPIN-code: 3524-0297

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), assistant lecturer

Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991; 27 Lomonosovsky Prospekt, bldg. 1, Moscow, 119192

Liya N. Shcherbakova

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Medical scientific and educational center of Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: liya.fbm@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2681-4777
SPIN-code: 3138-4565

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), assistant professor

Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991; 27 Lomonosovsky Prospekt, bldg. 1, Moscow, 119192

Olga B. Panina

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Medical scientific and educational center of Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: olgapanina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1397-6208
SPIN-code: 2105-6871

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department of obstetrics and gynecology of faculty of medicine of Lomonosov

Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991; 27 Lomonosovsky Prospekt, bldg. 1, Moscow, 119192

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СМИ зарегистрировано Федеральной службой по надзору в сфере связи, информационных технологий и массовых коммуникаций (Роскомнадзор).
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