V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and GynecologyV.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and GynecologyАрхив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева2313-87262687-1386Eco-Vector11119510.17816/2313-8726-2023-10-2-85-94ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleGenetic origins of recurrent miscarriage: A review of the literatureГенетические причины привычного невынашивания беременности (обзор литературы)https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2849-5191ZaytsevaNatalia I.ЗайцеваНаталия Игоревна
Russian Federation

MD, graduate student

аспирант

tata-zaitseva@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9801-72893524-0297RevinaDaria B.РевинаДарья Борисовна
Russian Federation

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.), assistant lecturer

канд. мед. наук, ассистент

lozinskaya.daria@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2681-47773138-4565ShcherbakovaLiya N.ЩербаковаЛия Ниязовна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), assistant professor

д-р мед. наук, доцент

liya.fbm@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-62082105-6871PaninaOlga B.ПанинаОльга Борисовна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department of obstetrics and gynecology of faculty of medicine of Lomonosov

доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии факультета фундаментальной медицины МГУ

olgapanina@yandex.ruLomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет им. М.В. ЛомоносоваLomonosov Moscow State UniversityМосковский государственный университет имени М.В.ЛомоносоваMedical scientific and educational center of Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityМедицинский научно-образовательный центр МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова16062023102859411102022Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор2023Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/111195

Currently, recurrent miscarriage is considered a polygenic multifactorial disease, that is, a condition in which the predisposition to miscarriage is related to various genetic factors. The realization of these factors depends largely on the environment. This paper analyzes the current world literature on the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms of genes associated with recurrent miscarriage. The literature review summarized data from recent meta-analyses regarding the association between recurrent miscarriage and genetic polymorphisms leading to endothelial dysfunction (vascular endothelial growth factor A gene and endothelial NO synthase genes), hereditary thrombophilia (Leiden mutation and polymorphisms in the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene), immunological disorders (cytokine genes, including interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha), altered receptor interactions in the endometrium (progesterone receptor and ESR1 and ESR2 estrogen receptor genes), and imbalance between lipoproteins of different densities (apolipoprotein E gene). The study of genetic predisposition to miscarriage is necessary to identify high-risk cases, initiate timely and careful monitoring, and develop personalized preventive techniques.

В настоящее время привычное невынашивание беременности рассматривается как полигенное мультифакториальное заболевание, то есть состояние, при котором предрасположенность к невынашиванию обусловлена различными генетическими факторами. Реализация этих факторов во многом зависит от условий окружающей среды. В данной работе проведён анализ современной мировой литературы о влиянии однонуклеотидных полиморфизмов различных генов, ассоциированных с привычным невынашиванием беременности. В обзоре литературы суммированы данные метаанализов, опубликованных в последние годы, касающиеся связи привычной потери беременности с носительством полиморфизмов генов, приводящих к эндотелиальной дисфункции (ген VEGFA, гены эндотелиальной NO-синтазы), к наследственным тромбофилиям (мутация Лейдена и полиморфизмы в гене метилентетрагидрофолатредуктазы, или MTHFR), к иммунологическим нарушениям (гены цитокинов: интерлейкин-1β (IL-1β), интерлейкин-6 (IL-6) и фактор некроза опухоли альфа ― TNF-α), к изменению рецепторных взаимодействий в эндометрии (гены рецептора прогестерона (PGR) и эстрогенов ― ESR1 и ESR2), к дисбалансу между липопротеинами различной плотности (ген аполипопротеина E). Изучение генетической предрасположенности к невынашиванию беременности необходимо для выявления пациенток группы высокого риска, своевременного начала тщательного наблюдения за ними и разработки персонифицированной тактики профилактических мероприятий.

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