Mechanoluminescence and Optically Stimulated Antistokes Luminescence of Composites Based on Epoxy Resin and Strontium Aluminate Phosphors SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ and Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+, Dy3+

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Abstract

Composite mechanoluminescent materials (composites) based on epoxy resin transparent in the visible range of spectrum and fine-dispersed powders of mechanoluminescent phosphors SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Dy3+ and Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+, Dy3+ were obtained. The mechanoluminescence and photoluminescence spectra of composites under the combined influence of short-wave (λ = 405 nm) and long-wave (λ = 1.06 µm) laser radiation were studied. The attenuation of optically stimulated antistokes luminescence of the composite under the influence of a sequence of pulses of longwave laser radiation was investigated. The composite was pre-irradiated with shortwave laser radiation. The obtained composite was used to visualize heat propagation and thermal deformations in metal plates arising under the action of powerful laser pulses and distribution of deformations under mechanical impact. For this purpose, a thin layer of the composite was applied to the surface of the materials under study. The composite had good adhesion to the surface of the materials and a high yield of mechanoluminescence, which allowed to visualize the distribution of temperature and surface deformations with a good spatial and temporal resolution.

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А. F. Banishev

Kurchatov Institute

Author for correspondence.
Email: banishev@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of the experimental setup: 1 - glass substrate; 2 - composite mechanoluminescent layer; 3 - continuous laser with wavelength λ = 405 nm; 4 - pulsed YAG:Nd laser with λ = 1.06 μm; 5 - spectrometer (monochromator); 6 - digital oscilloscope; 7 - optical fibre

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3. Fig. 2. Photoluminescence and optically stimulated anti-Stokes luminescence spectra of SrAl2O4:Eu2+,Dy3+ (a) and Sr4Al14O25:Eu2+,Dy3+ (b): photoluminescence excited by a continuous laser with λ = 405 nm (1, magnified three times); under simultaneous exposure to a continuous and pulsed YAG:Nd laser (λ = 1. 06 μm) (2); 3 - through a) - 1 (3), 2 (4), 3 s (5) and b) - 10 (3), 20 (4), 30 (5), 40 s (6) after switching off the continuous laser

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4. Fig. 3. Schematic of levels and transitions between them of luminescent centres of europium ions (Eu2+) and traps (Dy3+ ions). Emission transitions are indicated by dashed lines, relaxation transitions by zigzag lines. The figures show the main (1) and excited levels (2-4) of europium. a - The action of short-wave radiation (λ = 405 nm) leads to excitation of photoluminescence of Eu2+ ions and occupancy of Dy3+ trap levels (dark grey arrows). Photoluminescence at action of long-wave radiation (λ = 1.06 μm) is caused by excitation of populated trap levels (light grey arrows). b - Mechanoluminescence at impact of the striker is caused by deformation of the material and displacement of populated trap levels: as a result, tunnel transitions of electrons into the conduction zone become possible

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5. Fig. 4. (a) - Schematic of the experiment on visualisation of radiation impact on the sample: 1 - stainless steel plate; 2 - YAG:Nd-laser; 3 - heat propagation and thermal deformations; 4 - composite layer; 5 - video camera (shooting speed 1000 frames/s). Visualisation of heat propagation and thermo-deformations in a 100 µm thick stainless steel plate under the influence of a powerful laser pulse I ≈ 7 × 104 W/cm2: (b) - short flash of photoluminescence of the mechanoluminescent layer excited by thermal radiation at the moment of laser exposure; sample during the first ~20 ms (c) and ~20 ms (d) after photoluminescence fading; glow of the mechanoluminescent layer after 300 ms (e) and 1 s (f) after photoluminescence fading

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6. Fig. 5. Scheme of the experiment on visualisation of mechanical impact on the sample (a): 1 - stainless steel plate; 2 - striker; 3 - plate piercing; 4 - mechanoluminescent layer; 5 - video camera (shooting speed 50 frames/s). Visualisation of stresses and deformations occurring at destruction (piercing) of a stainless steel plate under impact action of a striker: at striking the striker before (b) and immediately after piercing the plate (c)

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