Antimicrobial metabolites from pig nasal microbiota

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Abstract

The mammal microbiome is considered an attractive source of bioactive compounds, including antibiotics. In this work, we studied cultivable microorganisms from the nasal microbiota of the Hungarian domestic pig (Sus domesticus). Taxonomy positions of the 20 isolated strains (18 bacteria, 1 yeast, 1 fungus) were determined by phylogenetic analysis, morphological study and a substrate utilization assay. The strains were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing and antimicrobial activity screening. Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain SM-11 was found to produce 4 known antibacterial molecules (pyocyanine, pyochelin, pyoluteorin, monorhamnolipid). Production of pyocyanine was induced by cocultivation with test microorganisms Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The results suggest that the mammal microbiota might serve as a valuable source of antimicrobial-producing strains, including those of rare taxa. Cocultivation techniques are promising approach to explore antimicrobials from silent biosynthetic gene clusters.

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About the authors

A. A. Baranova

Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: alferovava@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10

Y. V. Zakalyukina

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: alferovava@gmail.com

Department of Soil Science

Russian Federation, 119991, Moscow, ul. Leninskie Gory, 1/12

A. P. Tyurin

Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: alferovava@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10

V. A. Korshun

Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: alferovava@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10

O. A. Belozerova

Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: alferovava@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10

M. V. Biryukov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: alferovava@gmail.com

Department of Biology

Russian Federation, 119991, Moscow, ul. Leninskie Gory, 1/12

A. V. Moiseenko

Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences; Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: alferovava@gmail.com

Department of Biology

Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10; 119991, Moscow, ul. Leninskie Gory, 1/12

S. S. Terekhov

Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: alferovava@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10

V. A. Alferova

Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: alferovava@gmail.com
Russian Federation, 117997, Moscow, ul. Miklukho-Maklaya, 16/10

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Ubiquitous presence and constant circulation of microorganisms in ecosystems.

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3. Fig. 2. Scanning electron microscopy of the Nocardiopsis alba SM-1 strain grown on a Muller–Hinton medium for 5 days at 28°C. The arrows show rounded sporangia-like structures.

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4. Fig. 3. Morphology of Rhodotorula frigidialcoholis (SM-6): light microscopy (a), scanning electron micrography after 3 days of incubation on a Muller–Hinton medium at 28°C (b).

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5. Fig. 4. Image from a scanning electron microscope of a biofilm of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa SM-11 strain formed after 48 hours on an LB medium at 37°C.

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6. Fig. 5. Micromorphology of Chaetomium anastomosans SM-20 on PDA medium after 7 days of incubation at 25 ± 1 °C: mature fruit bodies (perithecia) examined by light microscopy (a) and scanning electron microscope (b), perithecium hairs in SEM (c), ascospores in SEM (d) and in ESEM (d, e).

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7. Fig. 6. HPLC profile (controlled by UV absorption at 350 nm) and elution conditions (blue line) for SM-11-MeCN20 (a). UV spectra and fragmentation pattern of MS2 ([M + H]+, HCD mass spectrum in positively charged ion registration mode) for pyocyanin (b) and pyohelin (c).

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8. Fig. 7. HPLC profile (controlled by UV absorption at 350 nm) and elution conditions (blue line) for SM-11-MeCN50 (a); UV spectrum and MS2 fragmentation scheme ([M – H]–, in the mode of registration of negatively charged ions) for pyolyuteorin (b).

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9. Fig. 8. HPLC profile (controlled by UV absorption at 210 nm) and elution conditions (blue line) for SM-11-MeCN 100 (a). UV spectrum and MS2 fragmentation scheme for RhaC10C10 monoramnolipid (b).

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10. Fig. 9. Collection of samples and isolation of microorganisms.

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11. Fig. 10. Design of experiments to test the antagonistic activity of isolated microorganisms: (a) – the method of transverse bands, (b) – the method of agar blocks.

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12. Additional materials
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