研究子痫前期临床异质性与分子亚型的现代技术手段

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本综述旨在探讨应用现代技术手段研究子痫前期发病机制的现状。子痫前期是妊娠期间的严重并发症,至今仍在孕产妇和围产期发病率与死亡率构成中占据重要位置。近几十年来,全球科学界在子痫前期的研究,特别是在其发病机制方面,取得了显著进展。已明确氧化应激、内质网应激、线粒体功能障碍、炎症及继发性内皮功能障碍的作用,研究了血管生成与抗血管生成因子、补体蛋白级联反应及凝血系统激活的重要性。尽管如此,至今尚未建立针对该妊娠并发症的高效预测、预防和治疗方法。近年来,人们越来越关注这样一种可能性:子痫前期可能存在多个亚型,其在分子发病机制、病变程度、累及范围以及母体和围产期结局方面各不相同。因此,有必要借助现代创新型高通量技术,对子痫前期的病理生理机制进行更加深入和全面的研究,并在系统层面上同步评估其可能涉及的各类变化。满足上述要求的是利用多种组学平台的大数据技术,包括表观遗传学、基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学等。本文分析了已发表研究中对不同临床表型子痫前期孕妇的胎盘组织及体液样本所进行的转录组、蛋白质组和肽组研究成果,结合临床病史和胎盘组织学变异,识别出子痫前期的分子亚型。研究表明,子痫前期的临床异质性源于其分子遗传机制的高度变异性。本文特别关注采用多组学整合分析的研究成果,强调在制定个体化管理策略、精准预测与预防方案,以及决定延长妊娠或提前分娩时,应考虑不同的分子亚型。文章还介绍了利用组学技术进一步研究子痫前期病理生理机制的前景方向。通过积累和分析相关研究结果,有望在潜在生物标志物和分子靶点的基础上,改进该妊娠并发症的诊断、预防和治疗策略。

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作者简介

Mariia N. Gololobova

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: gololobova.mar@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0002-9141-8631

Resident

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Natalya A. Nikitina

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: natnikitina@list.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8659-9963
SPIN 代码: 8344-1517

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Iraida S. Sidorova

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: sidorovais@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2209-8662
SPIN 代码: 3823-8259

Academician of RAS, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Mikhail B. Ageev

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

Email: mikhaageev@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6603-804X
SPIN 代码: 3122-7420

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Lecturer

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Nigar I. Amiraslanova

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: amiraslanova00@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0008-7446-3995

Resident

俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

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