No 3 (2025)
The Sugdzhar gold deposit system of the Amur gold-bearing province
Abstract
The description of the Sugdzhar gold-scattering system (ZRS) of the ore-placer node of the same name in the North-Stanovoy metallogenic zone of the Amur province is given. The ZRS is confined to an intrusive dome uplift composed of gneisses and crystal shales of the Archean, partially overlain by volcanites of the Early Cretaceous and ruptured granitoid intrusions of the Middle-Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous age. It is shown that placers and manifestations of gold are concentrated in the exocontact zone of the Toksko-Sivakan intrusion of granodiorites and syenites of the Toksko-Sivakan complex of the Early Cretaceous. It has been established that the main typomorphic features of placer gold are the small size of gold pieces, low sample (727–829‰) and the presence of dendritic crystals. The sources of placer formation are manifestations of ore gold, represented by quartz veins and breccia zones cemented with quartz with free native gold of low (689–827‰) sample. Due to the small parameters of ore bodies and low gold contents, the known gold mineralization is not adequate for rich placers. It is assumed that there is an additional, previously unidentified source of placer formation located within the Toksko-Sivakan granitoid intrusion.
5-15
Analysis of mountain waves’ characteristics obtained by high-resolution numerical modeling on Eastern Siberia and Russian Far East
Abstract
Forecasting of possible locations, intensity, vertical and horizontal propagation of mountain waves (MW) is one of the main problems to ensure flight safety. This is very important in the complete absence predictions’ methods on the territory of Russia in generally and, especially, in Far-Eastern region. Main problem of the MW forecasting is almost complete absence of MW observations and instrumental measurement of their characteristics. In the article, approach to conformity assessment of simulated MW parameters (location, intensity, vertical and horizontal propagation) to real characteristics which are approximately determined by satellite images of lenticular clouds (Sc и Ac lenticularis) and atmospheric sounding is presented. It is shown that characteristics of simulated MW by the Weather Research and Forecasting model with grid spacing of 1 km are close to actual values. Possibilities to calibrate parameters of simulated MW calculated on the 5-km grid by values obtained on 1-km grid are discussed.
16-28
Methane flows at the water–atmosphere interface in the South China Sea according to the results of expeditionary research
Abstract
The article presents the results of studies of the spatiotemporal distribution of calculated methane flows at the water-atmosphere interface in the waters of the Vietnam continental shelf, slope and open part of the sea according to flight № 88 of the SRV Academician M.A. Lavrentiev (LV88) in the period from November 1 to November 29, 2019. As a result of the research, high variability was established from equilibrium and weak emission of 0–1 mole/(km²×day) to a very high intensity flux of 29 mole/(km²×day). The activity of gas exchange at the bottom–water–atmosphere boundary is due to the active release of CH4 from bottom sediments and is controlled by a complex of geological and hydrological factors.
29-42
Biological Sciences
Anatomical structure of the stem and leaf of Sanguisorba parviflora and S. tenuifolia (Rosaceae)
Abstract
Using light microscopy, a comparative study of the signs of the anatomical structure of the stem and leaf of 2 morphologically similar species of the genus Sanguisorba L.: S. parviflora (Maxim.) Takeda and S. tenuifolia Fisch. ex Link was carried out. In the stem structure of the studied species, the diagnostic feature is only the number of conducting beams on the cross section. We have not identified any taxonomically significant features in the structure of the leaf. We agree with the opinion of those taxonomists who consider S. tenuifolia as a synonym of S. parviflora. Conventionally, only quantitative signs can be informative: the thickness of the leaf blade, the length of the cells of the upper epidermis, the number of stomata per 1 mm2 of the leaf surface.
43-51
The floristic finds in the specially protected natural territory of the Botanical Garden-Institute, FEB RAS
Abstract
The article presents the results of monitoring the flora of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (FEB RAS), during which 25 species of vascular plants previously not observed on its territory were identified. Among the new species, alien (13) and apophytes (9) prevail. Three species are native, one of which is included in the new list of plants in the “Red Book of Primorsky Krai”. In the group of alien species, eight species are invasive. Almost all of them are included in the “Black Book of Flora of the Far East” and pose a potential threat to the natural ecosystems of the Botanical Garden. By analyzing of herbarium collections and field observations, the likely pathways of introduction for the alien species were reconstructed.
52-63
Agricultural Sciences
Evaluating specimens of spring barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) of various ecological and geographical origin under the conditions of Primorsky Krai
Abstract
The paper evaluates spring barley specimens of various origin under the conditions of the monsoon climate of Primorsky Krai. The following ninety-four specimens from four different geographical groups (the VIR collection) were used as the research object: Russia, Europe (Germany, France, the United Kingdom, Latvia, Czechia, Sweden, the Netherlands, and Denmark), the North America (the USA, Mexico), and the CIS (Belarus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan). The experiments were carried out by the Laboratory of the Breeding of Grain and Cereal Crops. The research was conducted at FSBSI “Federal Scientific Center of Agrobiotechnology in the Far East named after A.K. Chaikа” in 2022–2024. As a result of the research, varieties with valuable economic characteristics (productive bushiness, earlength, number of grains per ear, weight of grains per ear and plant) have been identified for practical breeding: Odon (Russia), Marni (Germany), Philadelphia (Germany), Acha (Russia), Xunadu (Germany), RVT Planets (France), Alf (Denmark), Vakula (Russia), Crescendo (Germany). A wide range of variability, Odon (Russia), characterized the studied barley varieties and Alf (Denmark) varieties had high plasticity and stability. Analysis of the resistance of barley plants to the main diseases (reticulated spotting, dark brown leaf spotting, striped helminthosporiosis and septoria) in the field against a natural infectious background revealed moderately resistant varieties (damage does not exceed 15%) – Crescendo (Germany) and Alf (Denmark).
64-75
Factors determining the natural foci of leptospirosis in the natural and climatic conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a non-transmissible natural focal disease with a wide range of reservoir hosts of pathogenic Leptospira and susceptible animal species. Leptospira are chemoorganotrophic, strictly aerobic microorganisms and the optimal pH of the environment for cultivating Leptospira is 7,0–7,6. The purpose of the study is to study the features of the natural and climatic conditions of the Khabarovsk Territory, which contribute to the preservation of Leptospira in the environment and their circulation in mammals. Natural and climatic predisposing factors include: a dense river network, monsoon climate, floods and floods, features of the geomorphological structure of the Amur valley, mountainous terrain, the presence of frozen rocks in the north and loamy soils in the south, soil saturation with water, the presence of marshy areas. Environmental factors contributing to the circulation of leptospira include the nature of the vegetation – in the wide floodplains of the Amur River, sedge-reed meadows are common, which are characterized by natural focality of leptospirosis. The region is home to a large number of semi-aquatic rodents – reservoir hosts of Leptospira. During floods and freshets, rodents migrate from flooded areas, expanding their habitat, thereby contributing to the spread of pathogens of natural focal infections beyond the boundaries of their habitat into areas of temporary removal of the pathogen and permanently safe ones, most often these are populated areas (anthropourgic foci of leptospirosis). Among the socio-economic factors contributing to the circulation of Leptospira, it should be noted the location of the main agricultural regions (Khabarovsk, Ulchsky, Nanaisky, Lazo, Komsomolsky, Vyazemsky, Bikinsky and Amursky) in the floodplains and lower reaches of rivers. During periods of seasonal rains and high waters, leptospirosis-carrying rodents migrate to these areas from natural foci of leptospirosis, complicating the epidemiological and epizootological situation.
76-87
Prospects of using growth regulators for soybean under the conditions of the south of the Russian Far East
Abstract
The paper presents the results of a study on the use of growth regulators against fungal diseases and root rot diseases of soybean under the conditions of Primorsky Territory. The bioproducts were tested on plants of soybean variety Briz. The experiments were performed in meadow-brown clay soil at FSBSI “FSC of Agrobiotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika”. The small-plot experiment was aimed at evaluating the efficacy of growth regulators Cytodef-100 and Giberelon and biostimulator Biosteam Rost. Treating seeds with Cytodef-100 and Giberelon decreased the progression of Septoria leaf spot by 7,7–7,8%; the biological efficacy was 32,3–32,7%. The efficacy of the growth regulator Cytodef-100 (a complex treatment) reached 45,7% against downy mildew and 41% against Cercospora leaf blight. The biological efficacy of the studied bioproducts against root rot varied within 32,6–43,5% at the emergence stage, 18,5–34,6% at the blooming stage, and 15,4–35,5% at the full pod stage. The highest yield was achieved in the variant with Cytodef-100 (4,8 t/ha). The yield gain was 1,2 t/ha compared to the control (3,6 t/ha).
88-96
The influence of some factors (season and age of the first caving, paternal origin, duration of economic use) on milk productivity of cows on farms in the Middle Amur Region
Abstract
The results of analysis of the primary zootechnical registration in two dairy farms of the Khabarovsk region are presented. The biological reserves of raising the economic efficiency of milk production by means of elimination of incorrect distribution of calvings by year seasons, lowering of the first calving age to 27 months and the cow productivity period raising to 5 and more calvings for Black-and-White breed are determined.
97-103
Study of the effectiveness of the herbicide Divixton 25 NEO, CE on rice crops in the Primorsky Territory
Abstract
The biological and economic effectiveness of the herbicide Divixton 25 NEO, CE (active florpyrauxifen-benzyl) on rice crops was studied. The herbicide is at the stage of registration for use in the Russian Federation. The studies were conducted on rice irrigation systems of the agricultural agricultural production complex “Lugovoye” of the Khorolsky district – 2018 and LLC “Smena” of the Chernigovsky district – 2019. The soil of the experimental plots is meadow-gley, the mechanical composition is heavy loam. Herbicide Divixton 25 NEO, CE was used at application rates of 1,0 and 1,2 l/ha in 2 periods: during the period of appearance of 2–3 leaves and tillering of rice. The drug completely destroyed the species of barnacles and saffron, and effectively restrained the development of seaside tuber, peppermint and marsh broadleaf weeds. When introduced into the tillering phase, rice was reliably controlled by irrigated bluegrass. The use of the herbicide Divixton 25 NEO, CE over 2 years of research contributed to an increase in rice grain yield by 24,0–36,4 c/ha.
104-113
Changes in breeding and genetic properties of the Sakhalin population of the Holstein breed over the period of long-term breeding
Abstract
As a result of the conducted research, the breeding and genetic mechanism of the formation of productive traits in cows of the Sakhalin population has been studied. The modern breed group combines four related populations – American, Canadian, Japanese and Sakhalin. Studies have shown that a limited population limits fertility, does not show heterosis, and reduces adaptability in subsequent generations. The main breeding and genetic parameters of breeding herds have been determined. The correlation coefficient between the milk yield of cows for 305 days of the first lactation and the service period was –0,227±0,013, the coefficient of linear regression, respectively (byx = 0,45±0,033, F test 5.2). A positive correlation was found between the milk yield of full-aged cows over 305 days of lactation and the number of retired cows in fertility (r = +0,52±0,012).
114-125
Productivity and feed value of annual grass mixtures at different harvesting times in the Kamchatka Territory
Abstract
The article presents data on the comparative assessment of fodder grass mixtures. A significant excess of the yield of the green mass of grass mixtures over the control variants (oats and barley) was revealed in the phase of entering the grain tube by 129,7–69,0% and 101,5–60,9%, respectively, in the earing phase by 33,5–127,7%. At the same time, the yield of green mass was in the range of 65,3–88,7 c/ha and 133,5–220,0 c/ha. In the phase of earing and milky ripeness of cereals, the protein content decreased to 8,0–11,0%, with the exception of oats + oilseed radish, where the protein was 14,19%. Rational timing of harvesting feed mixtures – exit into the tube, according to some options – earing of cereals (oats, barley).
126-132
Promising hybrid combinations for potato breeding for late blight resistance in the Magadan Region
Abstract
Late blight is the most common potato disease in the North of the Far East. In the case of conditions favorable for the development of late blight, caused by the onset of a rainy period and sharp fluctuations in night and day temperatures, the disease spreads quickly and after 5–10 days leads to the complete death of plants. The purpose of the research was to evaluate hybrid combinations for their resistance to late blight and to identify among them highly productive samples that are promising for creating new potato varieties with high field resistance to late blight. In total, about 200 hybrid combinations were studied, among which hybrid combinations were identified that were promising for breeding for late blight resistance and high productivity. These are combinations represented by mid-season and early varieties with high field resistance to late blight Baraka × Ausonia, Udacha × Ausonia, Dar × 1198-2. Hybrid combinations represented by mid-late or late-ripening varieties highly resistant to late blight, such as Zarevo, Cardinal, Granola, Picasso, are low-yielding, but can become the basis for a new variety that can form a fairly high yield in epiphytoty years. The offspring of hybrid combinations with early ripening varieties Udacha and Ausonia, although characterized by susceptibility to late blight, are able to form a high yield in the early stages, which makes it possible to obtain a high commercial yield before the massive development of late blight. Hybrid combinations having in their origin the varieties Adora, Volzhanin, Zhukovsky ranniy, Chernigovsky, Lira, Lina are unpromising for research. Their offspring are characterized not only by a strong susceptibility to late blight on the tops, but also by low shelf life associated with rotting of the tubers during storage.
133-145
Chemical Sciences
Prediction of scale deposits in the oilfield. Current status, problems, challenges
Abstract
The article summarizes current understanding of the problem of scaling in oilfield equipment and methodological approaches to its prevention. Based on years of research into scaling issues across various oilfields, we systematize information regarding the composition of produced and injected water and its role in the scaling process, as well as details about the composition of inorganic deposits and the mechanisms of their formation. We examine existing methods of mathematical modeling for scaling processes in oilfield systems and assess their effectiveness. It is demonstrated that the qualitative chemical composition of both aqueous solutions and deposits from production units in oil enterprises is similar, regardless of the field; however, the quantitative ratios of components can differ by orders of magnitude, even within a single field. Although the problem of scaling has been extensively studied, there is still no universal methodological approach to effectively prevent salt deposits in oilfields under varying conditions. Despite the diversity and capabilities of modern software packages, the results of mathematical modeling do not always correlate well with the actual composition of deposits in oilfield systems. Therefore, addressing the issue of forecasting salt deposits in oilfields requires a comprehensive approach, including experimental modeling and adjustments to the calculation methods based on production experience. Such a problem can be solved by artificial intelligence methods, therefore, the development of the methodology for forecasting salt deposits in oilfield systems in the near future will develop in this direction.
146-169
Structural chemistry of UO₂Cl₂ complexes with neutral donor ligands (review)
Abstract
The crystal structures of UO2Cl2 complexes with neutral ligands, containing O, N, S and C donor atoms, studied by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis have been systematized and discussed. The crystal chemical features of the structure of mixed-ligand complexes UO2Cl2Ln were determined depending on the ratio of the number of Cl atoms to the number of donor atoms O, N, S and C of coordinated ligands in the compound. In the mixed-ligand complexes UO2Cl2Ln at the ratios 2Cl : O, 2Cl : 3O(N) and Cl : 4O, the coordination polyhedron of the hexavalent uranium atom in the structure has a pentagonal-bipyramidal structure. The oxygen atoms of the uranyl group are located on the vertical axis of the pentagonal bipyramid, perpendicular to the equatorial plane of the polyhedron, in which five atoms of coordinated ligands are located. At the ratio 2Cl : 2O (N, S, C) in mixed-ligand complexes UO2Cl2Ln uranium atoms form tetragonal bipyramidal polyhedra (distorted octahedra) with uranyl groups in the axial vertices, chlorine atoms and donor ligand atoms in the equatorial plane. In a small group of mixed-ligand compounds UO2Cl2Ln with a 2Cl : 4N ratio, hexagonal-bipyramidal polyhedra of U atoms with Cl and N atoms in the equatorial plane and a nonlinear group UO22+ (∠ O(1)=U=O(2) 161.81(11)–168.3(3)°) was established.
170-193