Usage of Volumetric Reflectors for Adjusting Ultrasonic Testing Parameters

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In ultrasonic flaw detection, lateral cylindrical drillings are traditionally used to adjust and check the parameters of equipment. Other volumetric reflectors, such as vertical drillings or spherical pores, are rarely used. This article notes that such models of internal and surface defects of welded seams are convenient to use and easy to manufacture. For a long time, a limitation to the use of drillings for modeling in ultrasonic flaw detection was the use of these effects not only on defect models in the form of noise associated with the diffraction effects of elastic waves running around cylindrical cavities. It is noted that these effects are currently well studied and are used to identify the type of defects and measure their sizes. Based on the results of experiments on observing the scattering of longitudinal waves and transverse waves with different polarization on cylinders and spheres, typical examples of the manifestation and use of these diffraction effects are given. The expediency of using not only drillings, but also spherical pores is noted. Experiments of the ultrasonic waves scattering on pores are performed on transparent glass samples for clarity. Comparative data on the manifestation of diffraction effects on various volume cavities are presented. In particular, it is noted that there is a focusing of signals enveloping spherical pores. Limitations on the duration of ultrasonic wave pulses are noted, at which diffraction signals can be used to increase the information content when detecting defects. It is recommended to expand the use of 2 mm diameter side drillings in samples to adjust sensitivity during ultrasonic testing using the echo method.

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作者简介

L. Mogilner

Bauman Moscow State Technical University

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: mogilner@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

Ya. Smorodinsky

M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: sm@imp.uran.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Yekaterinburg

V. Tishkin

Bauman Moscow State Technical University

Email: mogilner@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Moscow

参考

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2. Fig. 1. A 61.5 mm thick block of glass with pores: general view during measurements (a); photograph of pores from the end of the sample (b)

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3. Fig. 2. A-scans at detection in a glass block by longitudinal waves of pores with diameter: 2 mm (a); 1.0 mm (b); 1.0 mm (c); 0.8 mm (d)

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4. Fig. 3. A-scans at detection in a glass block by transverse waves of pores with diameter: 2 mm (a); 1,0 mm (b); 1,0 mm (c); 0,8 mm (d) (for pore Ø0,8 mm - measurements in the direction against the arrow in Fig. 1b)

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5. Fig. 4. Scattering of a longitudinal wave with displacement amplitude u0 on a spherical cavity: reflection uLzer and transformation of tsSVzer according to the laws of geometrical acoustics (a, b); envelope uLdif the cavity (c)

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6. Fig. 5. Scattering of a linearly polarised transverse wave u0 on a spherical cavity: reflection uSVzer, uSNzer, transformation uLzer according to the laws of geometrical acoustics (a, b); cavity envelope uSVdif = uRSV, uSNdif (c)

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7. Fig. 6. ‘Luminous’ line on a spherical reflector at scattering ‘backwards'

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8. Fig. 7. Sample with a series of BCOs

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9. Fig. 8. A-scans at detection in steel by transverse waves of BCO with diameter: 5 mm (a); 4,5 mm (b); 3,5 mm (c); 3 mm (d). The sensitivity is adjusted as in Fig. 3

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10. Fig. 9. A-scans in the analysis of scattering of a linearly polarised transverse wave on the sphere and BCO: scattering on the sphere does not depend on the orientation of the polarisation vector (a); scattering on the BCO of a wave with SV-polarisation (b); scattering on the BCO of a wave with SH-polarisation (c). The A-scans in (b) and (c) are normalised equally, but independently of the A-scan in (a)

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11. Fig. 10. Schematic of measurements for comparison of diffraction on a spherical surface and a BCO

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12. Fig. 11. Real and imaginary parts of the complex wave number of travelling waves of the Rayleigh type on a sphere (solid lines) and a cylinder (dashed line): real part (a); imaginary part (b)

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