Показатели времени реакции для оценки когнитивных функций

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Когнитивные функции при нейродегенеративных заболеваниях начинают изменяться значительно раньше, чем формируется основное клинико-патоморфологическое ядро болезни. При этом пациенты многие годы не демонстрируют выраженных клинических проявлений в условиях активно функционирующих компенсаторных механизмов. Впоследствии сформированный на фоне декомпенсации ведущий симптомокомплекс становится практически не чувствительным к современной медикаментозной терапии. В этой связи поиск ранних проявлений когнитивных и неврологических изменений, которые могли бы служить достоверными маркерами развития нейродегенеративного процесса, является актуальной задачей диагностики данных заболеваний. В настоящее время, в практической работе, психиатры и неврологи для скрининговой диагностики когнитивных нарушений в подавляющем большинстве используют батареи когнитивных тестов, основанные на опросниках со шкальным результатом, чувствительность которых высока для стадий развернутого заболевания, но для стадий продрома когнитивных нарушений недостаточна. В связи с вышеизложенным создание инструмента объективного скрининга ранних стадий когнитивных нарушений, объединяющего эффективность и простоту использования, представляет собой важное и современное направление нейронауки. Предлагаемый обзор направлен на анализ и обобщение имеющихся данных об изменении времени реакции в дебюте неврологических заболеваний. Раскрывается необходимость в модернизации нейропсихологической диагностики с помощью возможной интеграции сенсомоторных тестов с компьютерными технологиями, что должно повысить надежность и доступность скрининговой оценки. Показано, что, помимо времени простой реакции (ВПР), такие показатели реакции, как вариабельность времени реакции (ВВР), время реакции выбора (ВРВ) и динамика времени реакции, являются объективными и независимыми маркерами эффективности обработки информации нервной системой.

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Л. М. Ханухова

Клиника персональной медицины La Salute

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: l_khanukhova@mail.ru
Россия, Москва

С. А. Гуляев

Клиника персональной медицины La Salute; Национальный исследовательский ядерный университет «МИФИ»

Email: l_khanukhova@mail.ru
Россия, Москва; Москва

Д. М. Ханухов

Клиника персональной медицины La Salute

Email: l_khanukhova@mail.ru
Россия, Москва

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