Methods of organic compounds isolation from solid samples. 2. Extraction under sub- and supercritical conditions. Matrix solid-phase dispersion. The QuEChERS method

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Abstract

The second and final part of the review. General information is provided on extraction under sub- and supercritical conditions (liquid extraction under pressure, subcritical water extraction, supercritical fluid extraction), the matrix solid-phase dispersion method and the QuEChERS method. Based on the analysis of the review papers, information on the specifics of sample preparation using these methods is systematized, experimental parameters affecting the extraction efficiency are considered, examples of the use of these methods for the isolation of organic compounds in the analysis of solid environmental objects, food and plants are given.

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About the authors

S. G. Dmitrienko

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: nikatolm@mail.ru

Faculty of Chemistry

Russian Federation, 119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninskie gory, 1, p. 3

V. V. Apyari

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: nikatolm@mail.ru

Faculty of Chemistry

Russian Federation, 119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninskie gory, 1, p. 3

V. V. Tolmacheva

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Author for correspondence.
Email: nikatolm@mail.ru

Faculty of Chemistry

Russian Federation, 119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninskie gory, 1, p. 3

M. V. Gorbunova

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: nikatolm@mail.ru

Faculty of Chemistry

Russian Federation, 119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninskie gory, 1, p. 3

A. A. Furletov

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: nikatolm@mail.ru

Faculty of Chemistry

Russian Federation, 119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninskie gory, 1, p. 3

G. I. Tsizin

Lomonosov Moscow State University

Email: nikatolm@mail.ru

Faculty of Chemistry

Russian Federation, 119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninskie gory, 1, p. 3

Yu. A. Zolotov

Lomonosov Moscow State University; Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: nikatolm@mail.ru

Faculty of Chemistry

Russian Federation, 119991, Moscow, GSP-1, Leninskie gory, 1, p. 3; 31 Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119991

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Scheme of liquid extraction under pressure [41].

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3. Fig. 2. Variants of matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) [92].

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4. Fig. 3. Main stages of the original QuEChERS method [106].

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5. Fig. 4. Variants of QuEChERS protocol improvement. Abbreviations: d-SPE – dispersive solid-phase extraction, GC – gas chromatography, HPLC – high-performance liquid chromatography, DMD – diode array detector, FL – fluorescence detector, MS – mass spectrometric detector, PSA – primary-secondary amine, SCDS – sodium citrate dibasic sesquihydrate, SCTD – sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate, Z-Sep – zirconium dioxide-based sorbents, cmin – detection limit [110].

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6. Fig. 5. The number of reviews on methods for the extraction of organic compounds from solid samples published for all time and for the last five years. Abbreviations: USE – ultrasonic extraction, MVE – microwave extraction, PLE – pressurized liquid extraction, SSEE – subcritical water extraction, SFE – supercritical fluid extraction, MTFD – matrix solid-phase dispersion.

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