Том 96, № 3 (2017)

The active use of sylvinite constructions in the treatment and prevention of various nosologies made it necessary to search for an objective criterion to predict and control the intensity of the basic physical indices in these devices. In conditions of salt constructions the body of patients is affected by complex hygiene factors, among which the most significant are the natural air ionization and salt condensation aerosol. There is suggested the integrated test “sylvine content in sylvinite fences”, as just sylvine is the major producer of main curative factors of the internal environment of potash constructions. The amount of the mineral sylvine in Silvinite was counted with the use of a specially designed computer software for the analysis of the digital image of salt surface of constructions, which processes the image as pixel by pixel. Investigations were executed out in two sylvinite rooms, differed in sylvine mineral content in salt surfaces. Hygienic indices of the internal environment were investigated with the use of conventional methods. Levels of factors (radiation background, air ionization, multicomponent fine dry salt aerosol, optimal microclimate), affecting on the body of the patients were within a therapeutically significant range and were significantly higher in sylvinite physiotherapapeutic room where the mineral content in sylvinite sylvite fences was by 2.5 times more in comparison with the salt sylvinite device. The results have confirmed the validity of the selection index “content in sylvinite sylvite fences” as integrated one for the implementation of health control of the future performance of constructions consisted of natural potassium salts as in the design as in the choice of material for the manufacture of salt devices.

Purpose. The identification and hygienic assessment of main sources of natural exposure of the population of the city of Moscow. Ranking areas of the territory of the city according to the potential radon hazard. The elaboration of criteria for the radon hazard of the territory. Material and Methods. There are provided data of the radiation control of the territory of the city (g-spectrometry, the determination of the activity of natural radioactive substances, including samples of the soil and in lithological layers, the density of radon flux (DRF) from the soil), surveys of residential and public buildings for different purposes according to the content of the equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of radon (EEVAR). Results. There is presented the analysis of materials concerning the evaluation of results of radiation control (the of 226Ra activity in different types of soils, the levels of the DRF from the soil, the concentration of radon in newly constructed and operated buildings, various premises) in administrative districts of Moscow. There was executed the comparison of the spatial distribution of the fields of DRF and EEVAR values in basements and premises of buildings exceeding 200 Bq/m3. There was performed the analysis of criteria of radon-dangerous of areas. Conclusion. There were substantiated criteria and zones of the aggravated radon danger within the city according to following indices: 226Ra content in soils, DRF on soil surfaces, EEVAR in premises, annual dose of the radiation. Performed long-term studies allowed to rank the territory of Moscow into various zones of the radon danger and allocate most dangerous areas (South-Eastern Administrative District, South Administrative District, South-Western Administrative District). There was obtained a map of the interrelationship of the spatial distribution of anomalous DRFs from the soil surface and elevated EEVA values in premises. Ranging of areas for the radon danger permits to significantly optimize the system of radiation control and measures for radiation protection of the population.

The ecological and hygienic assessment of environmental areas adjacent to the zones of anthropogenic exposure in the cold season of the year. As the object of research there was chosen ecologically unfavorable Aral Sea region -settlement Aiteke bi in the - Kyzylorda region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The aim of research was to identify chemical pollutants in the environment of the settlement of Aiteke Bi. During the execution of the study there was used a complex of modern certified ecological-hygienic, chemical-analytical and static methods of the analysis (photoionizing, electrochemical, optical, photometric, complexonometric, weight, titrimetric). Results of the study of ambient air showed the excess of the concentration of suspended particulate matter 1.78 MPC daily averages, the value of Air Pollution Index (API ) was low (API4= 1.3 c.u.). The quantitative chemical analysis of drinking water showed the presence of low concentrations of heavy metals: cadmium - 0,3MPC, nickel - 0.5MPC, iron - 0.4MPC, zinc - 0.6MPC, cobalt - 0.4MPC (water pollution index (WPI)= 0.2 cu), clean water is of quality class 2. There was revealed a low level of soil contamination (Zc =0.1 c.u.), however, observed in all samples there were noted excesses of sulfate MPC (by to 193.8 times) and chlorides (3.9 times). Concentrations of polluting chemicals discovered in the total territory of the settlement of Aiteke bi are related to the activity of more than twenty-one companies producing oxygen, building materials, metal plastic products, executing the exploration and production of minerals. Each out of the identified chemical impurities is widely used in manufacturing, thereby is accumulated in the environment and easily gets into the body with both food and water, and via air inhalation. There is observed a chronic intake of chemical contaminants.

The aim of the study was to investigate the conjugacy of the spatial distribution of most common helminthiasis (enterobiasis and ascariasis) and tuberculosis between eastern and western regions in Belarus manifested in the different historical periods: 1970-1989 and 2000-2014. The study based on the retrospective collection and analysis of the available information from the annual statistical reports of the national Ministry of Public Health. The paper analyzes a main spatial gradient in the distribution and incidence rates of most common helminthiases and tuberculosis with the regard to historical division of Belarus on the eastern and western parts before the year 1939. Our findings show that East-West differentiation in the prevalence of intestinal parasites and tuberculosis rate on the territory of Belarus may be considered as a result of historical interaction between two different civilizations: the European that has been spread its influence from the West and the Russian Orthodox advanced from the East.

The article presents the results of a study of halotolerance in aeromonads isolated from 447 specimens of perch (Sander lucioperca) and 375 water samples in areas of its habitat in the delta of the Volga River. They were subdominant in the microbial landscape of these biotopes. There were no significant differences inoculation aeromonads found in various parts of the delta. Their halotolerance was studied by means of inoculation of daily pure cultures of meat--peptone broth with 3, 7 and 10% of sodium chloride content and incubation at 37◦C. All the studied microflora of this spieces was established to have significant indices of halotolerance with a predominance in water isolates. Whereby in cases of 3.0 and 7.0% NaCl concentrations were 2.2 times more and in the 10.0% NaCl solution with water and fish strains had similar indices, showing them to be of “marine origin”. Among isolated aeromonads, shattering the water and fish most halophilic strains of A. hydrophila and A. sobria, and halophobic strains were presented by A. caviae. As a rule, water strains had stability indices above in the average of 1.3 times higher than fish ones. Epidemiologically important strains of A. sobria were isolated from water more frequently than from fish, whereas A. hydrophila was isolated as in water as in fish at the same level. Halotolerance of isolated aeromonads in hydroecosystems of the delta of the Volga River had seasonal specificity and dynamics. The gain in halotolerance in aquatic strains of aeromonads in spring and autumn was caused by natural and climatic processes and the elevation in the salinity of delta waters. Enhanced halophilic strains of fish in these seasons is determined by their migration with fish, because in seasons pike migrates from the sea to the river ecosystem.

There was studied the health of the population of the Dunay settlement located in the vicinity of the “Far Eastern Center for Radioactive Waste Management” (FEC “DalRAO”) at the areа contaminated with radioactive waste and chemicals originated from the activities of the armed forces of the Pacific Fleet over 1950-1980. The subject of the study were health indices of 6207 members of the population of the Dunay settlement obtained from the reporting statistics data (forms 7,12, 19, 30, and 32) over the period of 2009-2013. The health of the population of the Dunay settlement located in the vicinity of the Far Eastern Center for Radioactive Waste Management “DalRAO” over the period 2009-2013 does not differ from the population-based estimates of the public health in the central region of the Russian Federation. Any health effects of manmade radiation exposure has not been found for the population of the Dunay settlement.

There was studied the effect of 6-weeks intake of small doses of the herbicide 2,4-DA on the body weight of animals. The consumption of water containing the herbicide in a concentration of 0.5 MPC was shown to have led to the greater gain of the body weight in experimental rats in comparison with the control. Simultaneously there was noted the gain of the mass of epididymal fat and increase in the concentration of leptin. This effect was more pronounced in rats treated with 2,4-DA, under the diet with high caloric content. The results obtained are likely to be associated with the disrupting action of the herbicide, leading, in particular, to the disturbance of the regulatory function of the thyroid gland and insulin resistance.

The level of occupational morbidity rate of medical workers in governmental and multidisciplinary infectious medical institutions of the Primorsky Krai was studied according to reporting forms for the period of 2005-2014. The aim of the study was to investigate occupational morbidity rate of medical personnel to improve the management of health workers and to develop preventive programs for its reduction. Annual surveys of the medical staff for the carriage of viral hepatitis B, C, vaccinal prevention of hepatitis B; reduction of the use of chlorine-containing disinfectants; replacing latex gloves by nitrile, vinyl hypoallergenic medical gloves to protect hands of personnel allowed to significantly reduce the occupational morbidity rate.

Introduction. The presence of burnout syndrome in health workers has an impact on the effectiveness of their professional activities. Objective. Identification of actors of burnout in physicians of polyclinic institutions. Materials and methods. The study involved 62 general practitioners from the polyclinic institutions of the city of Arkhangelsk. There were used such methods as “The questionnaire for burnout detection” (K. Maslach); questionnaire “ Attitude to work and professional “burnout” by V.A. Vinokur; test “11 personality factors”; technique “Coping behavior in stressful situations” by T.L. Kryukova; profile A. Meyer for the study of organizational conditions, job satisfaction and professional development; questionnaire on socio-demographic characteristics. Results. 72.5% of physicians were established to be characterized by a high level of professional burnout. The most significant contribution to the development of burnout is made by components such as low self-esteem of both overall health and adaptation, emotional exhaustion and professional perfectionism. Socio-demographic factors of burnout in physicians include: age (35 years), the lack of children, work experience in the specialty (average - 10 years), the number of received patients per day (up to 10 and more than 41 patient), the lack of additional work in the hospital; personal factors: the low level of the sensitiveness, moral flexibility, the use of emotionally-focused coping and search for social support; organizational factors: dissatisfaction with the content of professional activity, the presence of frustration at work, dissatisfaction with wages, lack of possibility of training and further professional development, as well as tiring working conditions. Conclusion. For 2/3 of physicians of polyclinic institutions show the high levels of burnout manifested by low self-esteem of both overall health and adaptation, emotional exhaustion and professional perfectionism. The appearance of burnout syndrome among physicians is influenced by socio-demographic, personal and organizational factors.