Features of the development of the metabolic syndrome in workers of dust-hazardous occupations

Introduction. The article discusses the features of nutrition and the formation of the metabolic syndrome in workers in dust-hazardous industries. The relevance and urgency of studying the relation of nutrition to the development of obesity, arterial hypertension, impaired carbohydrate and lipid metabolism is due to the steady progression of the prevalence of metabolic syndrome both in the population as a whole and among workers in hazardous industries.

The purpose. Hygienic assessment of the actual nutrition in different age groups from the standpoint of the risk of developing metabolic syndrome in workers of the industrial enterprises.

Materials and methods. Sixty four workers aged of 51.0±8.7 years, the average work experience being 18.4±6.9 years were surveyed in the mining and engineering industries,. The ones surveyed were divided into two groups taking into account their age: the first group included people from 30 to 44 years (28 people), the second group included people aged 45 to 60 years (36 ones). The research methods included the assessment of actual nutrition, anthropometry, measurement of blood pressure, clarification of the glycemic profile and lipid spectrum.

Results. The actual nutrition of workers in hazardous industries was found to be off-balanced in terms of macronutrient intake. In the age group of 30–44 years, a significant increase in the risk of developing metabolic syndrome was determined due to alcohol consumption, exceeding the norm of added sugar. In the older group (45–60 years), the risk of developing metabolic syndrome increased due to the excessive amount of total fats in the diet and a deficiency of dietary fibers.

Limitations. The study included 64 workers aged 30 to 60 years, the correlation analysis of the compared indicators was carried out using a quantitative scale, when calculating the odds ratio, the indicators were measured on a nominal scale.

Conclusion. There are revealed age-related features of actual nutrition of workers in dust-hazardous occupations, resulting in the development of abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome, requiring further study to develop effective measures for the nutritional prevention of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Compliance with ethical standards. The survey was carried out in compliance with ethical standards in accordance with the statement on the Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare. The study was approved at a meeting of the Local Ethics Committee of the Federal Scientific Center of Hygiene named after F.F. Erisman of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in accordance with the regulation on the Ethics Committee of the Institute (Protocol No. 6 from 22.07.2022).

Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal "Gigiena i Sanitariya (Hygiene and Sanitation, Russian journal)".

Contribution:
Sheenkova M.V. — data processing, text writing, discussion of results, statistical analysis, collection of literature data, editing;
Pavlyuk O.A. — collection and processing of material, statistical analysis, text writing, collection of literature data;
Istomin A.V. — concept and design of the study, discussion of the results, editing.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version. 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest. 

Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship. 

Received: August 26, 2022 / Accepted: October 3, 2022 / Published: October 23, 2022