Cytological aspects of dust changes in bronchopulmonary histione in coal miners
- Authors: Bondarev O.I.1,2, Filimonov S.N.1, Bugaeva M.S.1, Ulanova E.V.1, Kizichenko N.V.1
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Affiliations:
- Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
- Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians – Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
- Issue: Vol 103, No 7 (2024)
- Pages: 680-686
- Section: OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
- Published: 06.09.2024
- URL: https://archivog.com/0016-9900/article/view/638174
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.47470/0016-9900-2024-103-7-680-686
- EDN: https://elibrary.ru/ltxork
- ID: 638174
Cite item
Abstract
Introduction. Cytological investigation of pneumoconiosis is a key tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of occupational lung diseases. It provides valuable information about the nature and extent of the damage to lung tissue, facilitates early detection of the disease and planning of adequate preventive and treatment measures. The inclusion of cytological analysis in the comprehensive examination of workers in the coal industry helps to reduce the risk of developing pneumoconiosis and improves health prognosis.
The aim of the study was to carry out a cytological analysis of the biological material of the bronchopulmonary system as a marker of early verification of pneumoconiosis in workers of the main coal mining occupations.
Materials and methods. Cytological analysis with the elements of histological and morphometric verification of the obtained data was conducted using light microscopy. Structure measurements were evaluated microscopically using West Medica computer technology software. The analysis included the study of smears-prints and washes, immunohistochemical staining of cytological and histological samples, morphometric analysis, and the implementation of semi-quantitative methods for evaluating immunohistochemical markers.
Results. In the studied biological samples of miners, there were noted a significant reduction in the cellular element diversity and an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages “loaded” with dust and coal particles indicating to a high degree of dust load and the development of pneumoconiotic processes. Morphometric analysis revealed a gain in the area of “dust cells” confirming the activation of macrophages. Signs of squamous metaplasia in the bronchial epithelium, indicating changes caused by coal dust exposure, were also detected. Immunohistochemical investigation confirmed the inflammatory response, and vimentin marker analysis suggested potential development of fibrosis. The results emphasize the importance of cytological and immunohistochemical methods in early diagnosing of dust pathology in coal miners.
Limitations. This study suggests further expansion using cytogenetic and electron microscopic examination.
Conclusion. The conducted research confirmed the importance of cytological data as a marker of early, pre-clinical pathological changes of bronchopulmonary system in coal miners, that allows reducing the risk of developing dust-related occupational diseases.
Compliance with ethical standards. This study did not require the conclusion of the Ethics Committee.
Contributions:
Bondarev O.I. – the study concept and design, data processing, text writing;
Filimonov S.N. – text editing;
Bugaeva M.S. – statistical data processing;
Ulanova E.V. – material collection;
Kizichenko N.V. – material collection.
All authors are responsible for the integrity of all parts of the manuscript and approval of the manuscript final version.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Acknowledgement. The study had no sponsorship.
Received: July 27, 2023 / Revised: May 24, 2024 / Accepted: June 19, 2024 / Published: July 31, 2024
About the authors
Oleg I. Bondarev
Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases; Novokuznetsk State Institute for Further Training of Physicians – Branch Campus of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
Author for correspondence.
Email: gis.bondarev@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-5821-3100
MD, PhD, Associate Professor, head of the Lab. of pathomorphology of occupation-related diseases of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, head of the Department of pathological anatomy and forensic medicine of the Novokuznetsk State Institute for Advanced Training of Physicians – branch of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Novokuznetsk, 654005, Russian Federation
e-mail: gis.bondarev@yandex.ru
Russian FederationSergey N. Filimonov
Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
Email: fsn42@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6816-6064
MD, PhD, DSci., professor, head of the Department of human ecology, public health and healthcare, Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation
e-mail: fsn42@mail.ru
Russian FederationMaria S. Bugaeva
Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
Email: bugms14@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3692-2616
MD, PhD, senior researcher of the Lab. of pathomorphology of occupation-related diseases of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation
e-mail: bugms14@mail.ru
Russian FederationEvgeniya V. Ulanova
Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
Email: sledui_mechte@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2657-3862
MD, PhD, senior researcher of the Lab. of pathomorphology of occupation-related diseases of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation
e-mail: bugms14@mail.ru
Russian FederationNatalya V. Kizichenko
Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases
Email: natakiz8@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-5665-2604
MD, PhD, senior researcher of the Lab. of pathomorphology of occupation-related diseases of the Research Institute for Complex Problems of Hygiene and Occupational Diseases, Novokuznetsk, 654041, Russian Federation
e-mail: natakiz8@mail.ru
Russian FederationReferences
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