Peculiarities of microsporogenesis and pollen formation in Helianthus occidentalis (Asteraceae)

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Abstract

Helianthus occidentalis is poorly studied embryologically, but it may be very useful in breeding due to its high resistance to pests and diseases. Significant variation in the viability and size of pollen grains in the samples of different origin is characteristic for this species. No essential deviations in the anther development were noticed before microsporogenesis start. Further, the following anomalies were found: late chromosomes outside of the spindle; dyads with one nucleus being degenerating on anaphase I; formation of micro- and macronuclei during the second division of meiosis; degeneration of several nuclei within a tetrad; formation of triads, dyads and monads of microspores instead of tetrads. We have noticed significant heterogeneity of pollen grains by size. Deformed and compressed ones were noticed, as well as those with the structure of dyad or tetrad of cells within their wall. There is some data in literature on similar anomalies both in plants of other taxa and in Helianthus plants, mainly of the hybrid origin. One of the supposed reasons of the multiple anomalies in development and deterioration of pollen quality in the sample of H. occidentalis under investigation is a possible introgression of chromosomes from one of closely related diploid species as a result of hybridization that took place in the natural population. The conducted study once again confirms the need for cytological analysis to identify potential pollinating plants for sunflower breeding.

About the authors

A. A. Babro

Kovarov Botanical Institute RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: ABabro@binran.ru
Russian Federation, Prof. Popov Str., 2, Saint-Petersburg, 197022

O. N. Voronova

Kovarov Botanical Institute RAS

Email: o_voronova@binran.ru
Russian Federation, Prof. Popov Str., 2, Saint-Petersburg, 197022

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