Immunological mechanisms of preterm abruption of the normally located placenta

Data from the modern scientific literature concerning the etiology and pathogenesis of preterm abruption of normally located placenta were analyzed. Preterm placental abruption is a rare but very dangerous condition for the mother and fetus. This clinical situation occurs very quickly, and its consequences can be fatal. Because placental abruption can cause disability of the mother and fetus, it should be classified as a social problem.

This review included data from international and Russian articles published over the past decade. This literature review aimed to examine modern theories about molecular changes in the fetoplacental complex that occur during placental abruption. Available evidence suggests that disruption of immunological processes at the maternal–fetal interface is of key significance in the pathophysiology of placental abruption. The reviewed studies described signs of chronic noninfectious inflammation and an enhanced immunological cytotoxic response in placental abruption. Currently, obstetrics is a risk-based approach to medical care for pregnant women. Thus, understanding the predictors and mechanisms of the formation of this pregnancy complication is the key to predicting complications and providing highly competent medical care to patients.