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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">703114</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/aog703114</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">JLVYLR</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Efficacy of labor induction: a retrospective cohort study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эффективность индукции родов: ретроспективное когортное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>引产有效性：回顾性队列研究</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9263-9068</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5088-0709</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bulatova</surname><given-names>Inga А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Булатова</surname><given-names>Инга Акоповна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Bulatova</surname><given-names>Inga А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>inga5797@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8594-5129</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9224-3747</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Salanova</surname><given-names>Madina S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Саланова</surname><given-names>Мадина Шералиевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Salanova</surname><given-names>Madina S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>madina.salanova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9447-110X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7113-6744</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ponimanskaya</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пониманская</surname><given-names>Мария Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ponimanskaya</surname><given-names>Maria A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>ponimanskayama@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7770-2751</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Ok N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ли</surname><given-names>Ок Нам</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Ok N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>lion2@zdrav.mos.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6758-2605</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7610-6442</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Desyatnik</surname><given-names>Kirill A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Десятник</surname><given-names>Кирилл Александрович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Desyatnik</surname><given-names>Kirill A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kirilldes1994@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1910-6940</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6399-6297</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alexeenkova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алексеенкова</surname><given-names>Мария Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Alexeenkova</surname><given-names>Maria V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>m.alexeenkova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1397-6208</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2105-6871</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Panina</surname><given-names>Olga B.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Панина</surname><given-names>Ольга Борисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Panina</surname><given-names>Olga B.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>olgapanina@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Vorokhobov City Сlinical Hospital No 67</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница № 67 им. Л.А. Ворохобова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Vorokhobov City Сlinical Hospital No 67</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-05-07" publication-format="electronic"><day>07</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>194</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-20"><day>20</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-03"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-08-11"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/703114">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/703114</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Despite the increasing rate of labor induction, particularly for fetal and maternal indications, the contribution of specific obstetric complications to failed induction remains understudied. Existing studies primarily compare induction with expectant management or spontaneous labor in the presence of a given pathology. This study aims to address this gap by analyzing various indications in a single cohort.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To analyze the indications for labor induction and evaluate its efficacy.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>We analyzed medical records of 1,571 women with singleton pregnancies who underwent induction at ≥37 weeks. Patients were stratified by indication: gestational age ≥41 weeks, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hypertension, large-for-gestational-age fetus, moderate preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, complicated obstetric history, and fetal growth restriction. Successful induction was defined as vaginal delivery.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> The overall cesarean delivery rate after induction was 21% (<italic>n</italic> = 327): 26% (<italic>n</italic> = 294) in nulliparous and 8% (<italic>n</italic> = 33) in multiparous women. The highest risk of failed induction was observed for chronic hypertension in nulliparous women (<italic>p</italic> = 0.005; OR 1.95; 95% CI 1.21–3.15); and for moderate preeclampsia and complicated obstetric history in multiparous women (<italic>p</italic> = 0.010; OR 3.39; 95% CI 1.28–9.00 and <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.001; OR 6.44; 95% CI 2.27–18.29, respectively). Successful induction was associated with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy in nulliparous women (<italic>p</italic> = 0.043; OR 0.35; 95% CI 0.12–1.01). A large fetus as the sole indication significantly increased cesarean risk (<italic>p</italic> = 0.004; OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.21–2.81); however, as a coexisting condition with other pathologies, its predictive value was lost (<italic>p</italic> = 0.237; OR 0.56; 95% CI 0.19–1.61). In multiparous women, induction outcome was most accurately predicted by considering multiple factors (BF₁₀ = 3.58, R² = 0.073).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> In nulliparous women, the risk of failed induction was increased with chronic hypertension and decreased with intrahepatic cholestasis. In multiparous women, the outcome was determined by a combination of factors. A large fetus as the sole indication increased the risk of cesarean delivery, but as a coexisting condition with other indications, it did not affect the outcome.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Несмотря на рост частоты индукции родов, особенно по фетальным и материнским показаниям, вклад определённых акушерских осложнений в риск неудачи индукции родов остаётся недостаточно изученным. Существующие исследования преимущественно сравнивают индукцию с выжидательной тактикой или индукцию с естественными родами при данной патологии. Представленное исследование направлено на то, чтобы устранить этот пробел, проанализировав различные осложнения на одной выборке.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Анализ показаний к индукции родов и оценка её эффективности.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведён анализ медицинской документации 1571 беременной, которым была выполнена индукция родов с одноплодной беременностью в срок 37 недель гестации и больше. Пациентки были разделены на группы в зависимости от показания к индукции родов: срок беременности 41 неделя и больше, гестационный сахарный диабет, гестационная артериальная гипертензия, крупный плод, умеренная преэклампсия, хроническая артериальная гипертензия, многоводие, маловодие, внутрипечёночный холестаз беременных, осложненный акушерско-гинекологический анамнез, задержка роста плода. Для оценки эффективности индукции родов использовали частоту родов, разрешившихся через естественные родовые пути.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Частота кесарева сечения после индукции родов в генеральной совокупности составила 21% (<italic>n</italic>=327), у первородящих — 26% (<italic>n</italic>=294), у повторнородящих — 8% (<italic>n</italic>=33). Наиболее высокий риск неуспешной индукции родов зарегистрирован при хронической артериальной гипертензии у первородящих (<italic>p</italic>=0,005; ОШ=1,95; 95% ДИ: 1,21–3,15), при умеренной преэклампсии и осложнённом акушерско-гинекологическом анамнезе у повторнородящих (<italic>p</italic>=0,010; ОШ=1,28–9,00 и <italic>p</italic> &lt;0,001; ОШ=6,44; 95% ДИ: 2,27–18,29). Успешная индукция родов ассоциирована с внутрипечёночным холестазом беременных у первородящих (<italic>p</italic>=0,043; ОШ=0,35; 95% ДИ: 0,12–1,01). Крупный плод как единственное показание значимо повышал риск кесарева сечения (<italic>p</italic>=0,004; ОШ=1,84; 95% ДИ: 1,21–2,81), однако, если крупный плод был сопутствующим состоянием при других патологиях, его прогностическое значение исчезало (<italic>p</italic>=0,237, ОШ=0,56; 95% ДИ: 0,19–1,61). У повторнородящих исход индукции родов наиболее точно прогнозируется при учёте комплекса множества факторов (BF<sub>10</sub>=3,58, R<sup>2</sup>=0,073).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В результате исследования выявлено, что у первородящих риск неуспешной индукции родов повышен при хронической артериальной гипертензии, снижен при внутрипечёночном холестазе. Для повторнородящих исход определялся комплексом факторов. Крупный плод, выступая в роли единственного показания к индукции родов, повышал риск кесарева сечения, но являясь сопутствующим состоянием при других показаниях, не вносил вклад в исход.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。 尽管引产频率不断增加（尤其是基于胎儿和母体指征），但某些产科并发症在引产失败风险中的作用仍未得到充分研究。现有研究主要比较引产与期待管理，或比较在该病理情况下的引产与自然分娩。本研究旨在通过分析同一队列中的不同并发症来填补这一空白。</p> <p>目的。 分析引产指征并评估其有效性。</p> <p>方法。 对1571名孕37周及以上单胎妊娠并接受引产的孕妇的医疗记录进行了分析。患者根据引产指征分为不同的组别：孕周≥41周、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压、巨大儿、中度子痫前期、慢性高血压、羊水过多、羊水过少、妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症、不良产科和妇科病史、胎儿生长受限。使用阴道分娩率来评估引产的有效性。</p> <p>结果。 总体人群中引产后剖宫产率为21%（n=327），初产妇为26%（n=294），经产妇为8%（n=33）。引产失败风险最高的情况为：初产妇合并慢性高血压（p=0.005；OR=1.95；95% CI：1.21–3.15），经产妇合并中度子痫前期（p=0.010；OR=1.28–9.00）以及不良产科和妇科病史（p&lt;0.001；OR=6.44；95% CI：2.27–18.29）。初产妇引产成功与妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症相关（p=0.043；OR=0.35；95% CI：0.12–1.01）。巨大儿作为唯一的引产指征显著增加剖宫产风险（p=0.004；OR=1.84；95% CI：1.21–2.81），但若巨大儿仅为其他病理情况下的合并状态，其预测价值消失（p=0.237，OR=0.56；95% CI：0.19–1.61）。在经产妇中，考虑多种因素组合时对引产结局的预测最为准确（BF10=3.58，R²=0.073）。</p> <p>结论。 本研究发现，初产妇引产失败风险在慢性高血压患者中升高，在妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症患者中降低。经产妇的结局由多种因素共同决定。巨大儿作为引产的唯一指征时增加剖宫产风险，但作为其他指征的合并状态时对结局无显著贡献。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>labor induction</kwd><kwd>risk factor</kwd><kwd>prediction</kwd><kwd>indications for labor induction</kwd><kwd>cesarean section</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>индукция родов</kwd><kwd>факторы риска</kwd><kwd>прогнозирование</kwd><kwd>показания к индукции родов</kwd><kwd>кесарево сечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>引产</kwd><kwd>风险因素</kwd><kwd>预测</kwd><kwd>引产指征</kwd><kwd>剖宫产</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Russian Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. 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