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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">701915</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/aog701915</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">DVWCGN</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Comparative analysis of syphilis incidence among pregnant women in Russia and China: epidemiology, control strategies, and prevention</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Сравнительный анализ заболеваемости сифилисом среди беременных в России и Китае: эпидемиология, стратегии контроля и профилактики</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>俄中两国孕妇梅毒发病率比较分析： 流行病学、控制策略与预防措施</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-8781</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6332-3970</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Екатерина Вадимовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Ekaterina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>orlovaderm@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-6870</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6313-9959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соснова</surname><given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Sosnova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>sosnova-elena@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7882-8922</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7068-2310</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samchuk</surname><given-names>Peter M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самчук</surname><given-names>Петр Михайлович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Samchuk</surname><given-names>Peter M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>dr_samchuk@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6581-4529</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8355-4040</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Смирнова</surname><given-names>Людмила Михайловна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Smirnova</surname><given-names>Lyudmila M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>lmsmirnova1306@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9610-6616</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">57217092639</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4890-4730</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Borshcheva</surname><given-names>Ksenia R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Борщева</surname><given-names>Ксения Романовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Borshcheva</surname><given-names>Ksenia R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Borshcheva_k_r@student.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8200-2716</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9525-2604</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Luydmila O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Орлова</surname><given-names>Людмила Олеговна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Orlova</surname><given-names>Luydmila O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ludaorlova375644@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский университет)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-03-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-04-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-01-28"><day>28</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-03"><day>03</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-04-21"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/701915">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/701915</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Despite similarities in healthcare system organization, the incidence of congenital syphilis remains stable in Russia, whereas a marked decline has been achieved in China. The question remains which systemic factors constitute key barriers in Russia. This study seeks to identify and quantitatively assess specific gaps in screening, monitoring, and treatment of syphilis among pregnant women in Russia that hinder effective adoption of successful Chinese practices. The work aimed to perform a comparative analysis of syphilis incidence among pregnant women in Russia and China. A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Russian Federal State Statistics Service, the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and scientific publications (2013–2023).</p> <p>In China, a decline in syphilis incidence among pregnant women has been observed due to mandatory trimester-based screening (coverage &gt; 99%) and a comprehensive program for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission. The incidence of congenital syphilis decreased from 91.6 to 18.4 cases per 100,000 live births (between 2011 and 2018). In Russia, the incidence remains consistently high (13.1–17.6 per 100,000 population in 2020–2023), with more than 30% of women entering antenatal care in the second or third trimester. Data on treatment coverage are lacking. Reducing the burden of congenital syphilis in Russia may be facilitated by standardization of screening protocols and implementation of monitoring systems ensuring early antenatal registration. The success of the Chinese model is driven by comprehensive screening and integration of services within the national healthcare system, which is comparable to that of the Russian Federation.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Несмотря на схожесть систем организации здравоохранения в России и Китае, в нашей стране сохраняется стабильный уровень заболеваемости врождённым сифилисом, тогда как в Китае достигнуто резкое снижение. Остаётся открытым вопрос, какие именно системные факторы являются ключевыми барьерами в России. Данное исследование направлено на то, чтобы выявить и количественно оценить конкретные дефициты в системе скрининга, мониторинга и лечения сифилиса у беременных в Российской Федерации, препятствующие эффективному заимствованию успешного китайского опыта в российских условиях. Целью исследования стал сравнительный анализ заболеваемости сифилисом среди беременных в России и Китае. Ретроспективный анализ сделан на основе данных Росстата, China CDC и научных публикаций (2013–2023 гг.).</p> <p>В Китае наблюдается снижение заболеваемости сифилисом среди беременных благодаря обязательному триместровому скринингу (охват &gt; 99%) и комплексной программе по профилактике материнско-детской передачи болезни. Уровень врождённого сифилиса снизился с 91,6 до 18,4 случаев на 100 тыс. живорождений (2011–2018 гг.). В России заболеваемость стабильно высока (13,1–17,6 на 100 тыс. населения в 2020–2023 гг.), при этом более 30% женщин становятся на учёт во II–III триместрах. Данные по охвату лечением отсутствуют. Снижению бремени врождённого сифилиса в России может способствовать унификация протоколов обследования и внедрение систем мониторинга беременных с ранней постановкой на учёт. Успешность китайской модели достигается за счёт всеобъемлющего скрининга и интеграции услуг в государственную систему оказания медицинской помощи, что аналогично системе медицинской помощи в Российской Федерации.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>尽管两国卫生保健组织体系相似，但俄罗斯先天性梅毒发病率保持稳定，而中国则实现了大幅下降。有待解决的问题是，究竟哪些系统性因素是俄罗斯面临的关键障碍。本研究旨在识别和量化俄罗斯联邦孕妇梅毒筛查、监测及治疗体系中的具体不足，这些缺陷阻碍了中国成功经验在俄罗斯本土环境中的有效借鉴。本研究的目的是对俄罗斯和中国孕妇梅毒发病率进行对比分析。本回顾性分析基于俄罗斯联邦统计局、中国疾病预防控制中心的统计数据以及2013-2023年期间的学术出版物。</p> <p>中国通过实施强制性孕期梅毒筛查（覆盖率 &gt; 99%）及预防母婴传播综合项目，孕妇梅毒发病率呈下降趋势。 先天性梅毒发病率从2011-2018年间每10万活产儿的91.6例下降至18.4例。俄罗斯的发病率持续处于高位（2020-2023年期间每10万人口发病率为13.1-17.6例）， 同时超过30%的女性在妊娠中晚期才进行产前登记。治疗覆盖率数据缺失。降低俄罗斯先天性梅毒负担可通过统一检查规程，并建立孕妇早期登记监测系统来实现。中国模式的成功在于将全面筛查和整合服务纳入国家医疗保障体系，这与俄罗斯联邦的医疗保障体系相类似。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>syphilis in pregnancy</kwd><kwd>congenital syphilis</kwd><kwd>antenatal screening</kwd><kwd>prevention of mother-to-child transmission</kwd><kwd>sexually transmitted infections epidemiology</kwd><kwd>review</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сифилис у беременных</kwd><kwd>врождённый сифилис</kwd><kwd>скрининг беременных</kwd><kwd>профилактика материнско-детской передачи</kwd><kwd>эпидемиология инфекций, передаваемых половым путём</kwd><kwd>обзор</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>妊娠期梅毒</kwd><kwd>先天性梅毒</kwd><kwd>孕妇筛查</kwd><kwd>母婴传播预防</kwd><kwd>性传播感染流行病学</kwd><kwd>综述</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Global guidance on criteria and processes for validation: elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, syphilis and hepatitis B virus. 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