<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">692922</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/aog692922</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IJJTGK</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Evolution of treatment approaches for cesarean scar pregnancy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Эволюция методов лечения эктопической беременности в рубце на матке после кесарева сечения</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠治疗方法的演变</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2906-7546</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Suslikova</surname><given-names>Daria V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сусликова</surname><given-names>Дарья Валентиновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Suslikova</surname><given-names>Daria V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>fferyllydd73@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2206-1002</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3804-3269</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmakov</surname><given-names>Roman G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмаков</surname><given-names>Роман Георгиевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shmakov</surname><given-names>Roman G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>r_shmakov@oparina4.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-1734</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6145-0926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Barinova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Баринова</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Barinova</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>barinova.irina.vladimirovna@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4599-4446</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5859-5973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shakhina</surname><given-names>Marina Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шахина</surname><given-names>Марина Юрьевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Shakhina</surname><given-names>Marina Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>shahinamarina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2872-8973</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Batenkova</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Батенкова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Александровна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Batenkova</surname><given-names>Tatyana A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>t.batenkova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2590-5087</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Фёдоров</surname><given-names>Антон Андреевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>aa.fedorov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский институт акушерства и гинекологии им. акад. В.И. Краснопольского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российская медицинская академия непрерывного профессионального образования</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский областной научно-исследовательский клинический институт им. М.Ф. Владимирского</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>451</fpage><lpage>461</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-12"><day>12</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-27"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-01-09"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/692922">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/692922</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND: </bold>Cesarean scar pregnancy is a relevant problem in modern obstetrics and gynecology. This condition may lead to life-threatening complications requiring urgent medical intervention. Hysteroscopic resection using the cold loop technique in combination with vacuum aspiration of the gestational sac is an effective and safe surgical method for the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to evaluate treatment approaches for cesarean scar pregnancy and to determine optimal surgical strategies, as well as to analyze morphological findings in surgical specimens obtained from patients with cesarean scar pregnancy.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> The study was conducted at the Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician V.I. Krasnopolsky. Between 2016 and 2025, surgical treatment was performed in 41 patients with cesarean scar pregnancy. Management strategies used in 2016–2019 were compared with those applied over the subsequent 5 years. Clinical characteristics, preoperative ultrasound findings, and surgical treatment methods were analyzed (including laparotomic metroplasty, vacuum aspiration of the gestational sac, hysteroscopic resection using a cold loop, and hysterectomy).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS: </bold>More than half of the examined women had a history of more than two cesarean deliveries performed with cervical dilation greater than 5 cm. Ultrasound examination demonstrated localization of the gestational sac within the scar area in all patients (COS-1 sign). Signs of chorionic invasion were identified in 22.7% of cases. Both organ-preserving and radical treatment approaches were applied. Over the past five years, a trend toward increased use of minimally invasive surgical techniques has been observed at the institute, resulting in reduced duration of hospitalization and postoperative rehabilitation. The complex of morphological features identified within scar niches containing ectopic pregnancies was characteristic of placenta accreta spectrum disorders (<italic>placenta creta</italic>); however, given the early gestational age and absence of a fully formed placenta, this condition may be referred to as chorionic invasion.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION: </bold>Cesarean scar pregnancy is a rare but extremely dangerous complication that may result in uterine rupture, massive hemorrhage, and maternal mortality. Minimally invasive organ-preserving techniques—vacuum aspiration and hysteroscopic resection using the cold loop technique—represent the optimal treatment strategy. In cases of pronounced destructive changes of the uterine wall, metroplasty is justified.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование. </bold>Эктопическая беременность в рубце на матке после кесарева сечения является актуальной проблемой современного акушерства и гинекологии. Подобная беременность может привести к жизнеугрожающим состояниям, требующим неотложной медицинской помощи. Гистерорезектоскопия в режиме «холодная петля» в сочетании с вакуум-аспирацией плодного яйца является эффективным и безопасным методом хирургического лечения эктопической беременности в рубце на матке после кесарева сечения.</p> <p><bold>Цель. </bold>Оценка различных методов лечения эктопической беременности в рубце на матке после кесарева сечения и определение оптимальных хирургических подходов, а также анализ морфологических данных операционного материала у пациенток с эктопической беременностью в рубце после кесарева сечения.</p> <p><bold>Методы. </bold>Работа выполнена на базе Московского областного научно-исследовательского института акушерства и гинекологии им. акад. В.И. Краснопольского. В 2016–2025 гг. проведено оперативное лечение 41 пациентке с эктопической беременностью в рубце на матке после кесарева сечения. В данной работе представлено сравнение тактики ведения таких пациенток в 2016–2019 гг. и в последние 5 лет. Изучены клинические особенности, результаты предоперационного ультразвукового обследования и хирургические методы лечения (лапаротомная метропластика, вакуум-аспирация плодного яйца, гистерорезектоскопия с применением холодной петли, гистерэктомия).</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>Более чем у половины обследованных женщин в анамнезе имелось более двух кесаревых сечений при открытии маточного зева более 5 см. Ультразвуковая диагностика выявила у всех пациенток локализацию плодного яйца в зоне рубца (признак COS-1). В 22,7% случаев определены признаки врастания хориона. Применяли органосохраняющие и радикальные методы лечения. За прошедший пятилетний период в институте отмечается тенденция использования малоинвазивных методов хирургического лечения, что позволяет снизить длительность госпитализации и реабилитации пациенток в послеоперационном периоде. Выявленный в рубцовых нишах с эктопированной беременностью комплекс морфологических признаков характерен для патологии прикрепления плаценты (<italic>placenta creta</italic>), однако с учётом ранних сроков беременности при несформированной плаценте может быть именован врастанием хориона.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>Эктопическая беременность в рубце на матке после кесарева сечения является редким, но крайне опасным осложнением, которое может привести к разрыву матки, массивному кровотечению и материнской смертности. Оптимальной тактикой лечения являются малоинвазивные органосохраняющие методы — вакуум-аспирация, гистерорезектоскопия в режиме «холодная петля». В случаях выраженных деструктивных изменений стенки матки оправдано выполнение метропластики.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>论证。剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠是现代产科与妇科中的一项重要临床问题。该类型异位妊娠可导致危及生命的并发症，需紧急医疗干预。采用“冷圈套”模式的宫腔镜切除术联合孕囊负压吸引，被认为是治疗剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的一种安全且有效的外科方法。</p> <p>目的。评估剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的不同治疗方式，确定最优的外科治疗策略，并对剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕异位妊娠患者手术标本的形态学资料进行分析。</p> <p>方法。研究在Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Academician V.I. Krasnopolsky开展。2016—2025年期间，共对41例剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠患者实施手术治疗。比较了2016—2019年与近5年内患者的治疗策略。对临床特征、术前超声检查结果以及所采用的外科治疗方法进行了研究（包括开腹子宫成形术、孕囊负压吸引、应用冷圈套的宫腔镜切除术及子宫切除术）</p> <p>结果。超过半数患者既往有两次及以上剖宫产史，且多发生于宫口扩张超过5 cm的情况下。超声检查在所有病例中均证实孕囊位于子宫瘢痕区（COS-1征）。22.7%的病例显示绒毛侵入征象。采用了器官保留治疗方法及根治性治疗方法。近五年来，该研究机构呈现出采用微创外科治疗方式的趋势，从而缩短了住院时间并加快了术后康复。瘢痕凹陷区中伴异位妊娠所见的形态学改变与异常胎盘附着（<italic>placenta creta</italic>）相似，但鉴于妊娠处于早期、胎盘尚未形成，更恰当的表述应为绒毛侵入。</p> <p>结论。剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠虽较为罕见，但属于极其危险的并发症，可能导致子宫破裂、大量出血及孕产妇死亡。最优的治疗策略为微创的器官保留性方法——孕囊负压吸引及“冷圈套”宫腔镜切除术。在子宫壁存在明显破坏性改变的情况下，行子宫成形术是合理的。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ectopic pregnancy</kwd><kwd>uterine scar</kwd><kwd>cesarean section</kwd><kwd>ultrasonography</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эктопическая беременность</kwd><kwd>рубец на матке</kwd><kwd>кесарево сечение</kwd><kwd>ультразвуковое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>异位妊娠</kwd><kwd>子宫瘢痕</kwd><kwd>剖宫产</kwd><kwd>超声检查</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Silva B, Viana Pinto P, Costa MA. Cesarean scar pregnancy: A systematic review on expectant management. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023;288:36–43. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2023.06.030</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Calì G, Timor-Tritsch IE, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, et al. Outcome of Cesarean scar pregnancy managed expectantly: systematic review and meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2018;51(2):169–175. doi: 10.1002/uog.17568</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Larsen JV, Solomon MH. Pregnancy in a uterine scar sacculus — an unusual cause of postabortal haemorrhage. A case report. S Afr Med J. 1978;53(4):142–143.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Seow KM, Huang LW, Lin YH, et al. Cesarean scar pregnancy: issues in management. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004;23(3):247–253. doi: 10.1002/uog.974</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Jurkovic D, Hillaby K, Woelfer B, et al. First-trimester diagnosis and management of pregnancies implanted into the lower uterine segment Cesarean section scar. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003;21(3):220–227. doi: 10.1002/uog.56</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM); Miller R, Gyamfi-Bannerman C. Society for maternal-fetal medicine consult series #63: cesarean scar ectopic pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;227(3):B9–В20. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.06.024</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Panaitescu AM, Ciobanu AM, Gică N, et al. Diagnosis and management of cesarean scar pregnancy and placenta accreta spectrum: case series and review of the literature. J Ultrasound Med. 2021;40(9):1975–1986. doi: 10.1002/jum.15574</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Maheux-Lacroix S, Li F, Bujold E, et al. Cesarean scar pregnancies: a systematic review of treatment options. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2017;24(6):915–925. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.05.019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Giampaolino P, De Rosa N, Morra I, et al. Management of cesarean scar pregnancy: a single-institution retrospective review. Biomed Res Int. 2018;2018:6486407. doi: 10.1155/2018/6486407</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Kutlesic R, Kutlesic M, Vukomanovic P, et al. cesarean scar pregnancy successfully managed to term: when the patient is determined to keep the pregnancy. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020;56(10):496. sdoi: 10.3390/medicina56100496</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Alameddine S, Lucidi A, Jurkovic D, et al. Treatments for cesarean scar pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2024;37(1):2327569. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2327569</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Hussein AM, Elbarmelgy RA, Elbarmelgy RM, et al. Prospective evaluation of impact of post-Cesarean section uterine scarring in perinatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorder. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2022;59(4):474–482. doi: 10.1002/uog.23732</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Timor-Tritsch IE, Monteagudo A, Cali G, et al. Cesarean scar pregnancy is a precursor of morbidly adherent placenta. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2014;44(3):346–53. doi: 10.1002/uog.13426</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Godin PA, Bassil S, Donnez J. An ectopic pregnancy developing in a previous caesarian section scar. Fertil Steril. 1997;67(2):398–400. doi: 10.1016/S0015-0282(97)81930-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Maymon R, Halperin R, Mendlovic S, et al. Ectopic pregnancies in a caesarean scar: review of the medical approach to an iatrogenic complication. Hum Reprod Update. 2004;10(6):515–523. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmh042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Ash A, Smith A, Maxwell D. Caesarean scar pregnancy. BJOG. 2007;114(3):253–263. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2006.01237.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Tantbirojn P, Crum CP, Parast MM. Pathophysiology of placenta creta: the role of decidua and extravillous trophoblast. Placenta. 2008;29(7): 639-645. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2008.04.008</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Jauniaux E, Mavrelos D, De Braud LV, et al. Impact of location on placentation in live tubal and cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies. Placenta. 2021;108:109–113. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.03.019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Fu L, Luo Y, Huang J. Cesarean scar pregnancy with expectant management. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2022;48(7):1683–1690. doi: 10.1111/jog.15258</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>ESHRE working group on Ectopic Pregnancy; Kirk E, Ankum P, Jakab A, et al. Terminology for describing normally sited and ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound: ESHRE recommendations for good practice. Hum Reprod Open. 2020;2020(4):hoaa055. doi: 10.1093/hropen/hoaa055</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Rotas MA, Haberman S, Levgur M. Cesarean scar ectopic pregnancies: etiology, diagnosis, and management. Obstet Gynecol. 2006;107(6):1373–1381. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000218690.24494.ce</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Gonzalez N, Tulandi T. Cesarean scar pregnancy: a systematic review. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2017;24(5):731–738. doi: 10.1016/j.jmig.2017.02.020</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>Gus AI, Yarygina TA, Mikheeva AA, et al. Standardized examination of postoperative uterine scar. Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2022;(1):42–47. doi: 10.18565/aig.2022.1.42-47 EDN: YWXUZT</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Cali G, Forlani F, Timor-Tritsch IE, et al. Natural history of cesarean scar pregnancy on prenatal ultrasound: the crossover sign. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2017;50(1):100–104. doi: 10.1002/uog.16216</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>D’Antonio F, Palacios-Jaraquemada J, Lim PS, et al. Counseling in fetal medicine: evidence-based answers to clinical questions on morbidly adherent placenta. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;47(3):290–301. doi: 10.1002/uog.14950</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Palacios-Jaraquemada JM, D’Antonio F, Buca D, et al. Systematic review on near miss cases of placenta accreta spectrum disorders: correlation with invasion topography, prenatal imaging, and surgical outcome. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2020;33(19):3377–3384. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2019.1570494</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Clinical recommendations: Ectopic pregnancy. 2021–2022–2023 (01.07.2021). Approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. 36 р.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy (Green-top Guideline No. 21). RCOG/AEPU Joint Guideline. November 2016: 41.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2013;100(3):638–644. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.013</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Muraji M, Mabuchi S, Hisamoto K, et al. Cesarean scar pregnancies successfully treated with methotrexate. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(6):720–723. doi: 10.1080/00016340902883141</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Fadhlaoui A, Khrouf M, Khémiri K, et al. Successful conservative treatment of a cesarean scar pregnancy with systemically administered methotrexate and subsequent dilatation and curettage: a case report. Case Rep Obstet Gynecol. 2012;2012:248564. doi: 10.1155/2012/248564</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Buyanova SN, Shchukina NA, Chechneva MA, et al. Pregnancy in a cesarean section scar: possibilities of surgical correction. Russian Bulletin of Obstetrician-Gynecologist. 2020;20(6):65–70. doi: 10.17116/rosakush20202006165 EDN: ZCHGUF</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
