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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">692798</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/aog692798</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">IXDGDF</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Personalized 3D printed obstetric pessaries</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Персонализированный акушерский пессарий с использованием трёхмерной печати</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>个体化产科子宫托的三维打印应用</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9945-3848</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8073-1817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ignatko</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Игнатко</surname><given-names>Ирина Владимировна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ignatko</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор, чл.-корр. РАН</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences</p></bio><email>ignatko_i_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4221-9882</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9711-2620</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Telyshev</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Телышев</surname><given-names>Дмитрий Викторович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Telyshev</surname><given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>telyshev_d_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7773-2435</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4836-2560</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Timashov</surname><given-names>Petеr S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тимашов</surname><given-names>Петр Сергеевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Timashov</surname><given-names>Petеr S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Chemistry)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р хим. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Dr. Sci. (Chemistry)</p></bio><email>timashev_p_s@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-5422</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8891-9490</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pesegova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Песегова</surname><given-names>Светлана Вячеславовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Pesegova</surname><given-names>Svetlana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>pesegova_s_v@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9398-9900</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3872-7167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Churganova</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чурганова</surname><given-names>Анастасия Алексеевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Churganova</surname><given-names>Anastasia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>churganova_a_a@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3215-2389</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8846-5211</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gafarova</surname><given-names>Elvira R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гафарова</surname><given-names>Эльвира Разитовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gafarova</surname><given-names>Elvira R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>gafarova_e_r@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7681-9707</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8709-6093</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rasskazova</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рассказова</surname><given-names>Татьяна Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rasskazova</surname><given-names>Tatiana V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>tat.rasska3ova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1634-5006</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2811-3032</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Askerov</surname><given-names>Emil D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Аскеров</surname><given-names>Эмиль Джамалович</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Askerov</surname><given-names>Emil D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>askerov_e_j@staff.sechenov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0687-2962</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dedova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дедова</surname><given-names>Елизавета Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Dedova</surname><given-names>Elizaveta N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>08liza2004@rambler.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Городская клиническая больница им. С.С. Юдина</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">S.S. Yudin City Clinical Hospital</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-12-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-12-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>434</fpage><lpage>442</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-10-11"><day>11</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-11-12"><day>12</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="zh">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-01-09"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/692798">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/692798</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since its emergence in the 1980s, three-dimensional (3D) printing has become a representative manufacturing assist technology. It was first developed for rapid prototyping and is widely used in a variety of fields. Since the early 2000s, 3D bioprinting using biological materials such as cells and biomolecules has been successfully applied in tissue engineering to directly create living structures. Over the past several decades, advances in three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies and the development of specialized biomaterials have facilitated the precise fabrication of biological components and complex 3D shapes.</p> <p>In obstetrics and gynecology, pessaries are increasingly used for stress urinary incontinence, pelvic organ prolapse, and cervical insufficiency. Commercially available pessaries come in a variety of sizes, following a “one size fits all” approach that fails to take into account the unique anatomical characteristics of each woman. The effectiveness of these pessaries is limited by poor fit and the lack of easy adjustment.</p> <p>The aim of this study was to analyze literature on the feasibility of individualized pessary selection for stress urinary incontinence, рelvic organ prolapse and cervical insufficiency using 3D printing. We analyzed Russian and international publications in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elseiver, e-library databases, covering searches from 2015 to 2025.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>С момента своего появления в 1980-х гг. трёхмерная (3D) печать стала необходимой вспомогательной технологией, впервые разработанной для быстрого создания прототипов и широко применяемой в различных областях. С начала 2000-х гг. 3D-биопечать с использованием биологических материалов, таких как клетки и биомолекулы, успешно применяется в тканевой инженерии для непосредственного создания живых структур. За последние несколько десятилетий достижения в области технологий 3D-печати и разработка специализированных биоматериалов способствовали точному изготовлению биологических компонентов и сложных 3D-форм. В акушерстве и гинекологии пессарии всё чаще используются при стрессовом недержании мочи, пролапсе тазовых органов и истмико-цервикальной недостаточности. Имеющиеся в продаже пессарии выпускаются по принципу «один размер подходит всем», что не учитывает уникальные анатомические особенности каждой женщины. Эффективность этих пессариев ограничена из-за плохого прилегания и отсутствия возможности легко подстроить их под себя. Целью обзора стал анализ представленных в литературе исследований, посвящённых изучению возможностей индивидуализированного подбора пессариев при стрессовом недержании мочи, пролапсе тазовых органов и истмико-цервикальной недостаточности с использованием функции 3D-печати. Проведён анализ российских и зарубежных публикаций из баз данных PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elseiver, eLibrary с глубиной поиска с 2015 по 2025 гг.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>自20世纪80年代问世以来，三维（3D）打印逐渐发展为一项重要的辅助技术，最初用于快速原型制作，并随后广泛应用于多个领域。自21世纪初起，利用生物材料如细胞和生物分子的三维生物打印已成功应用于组织工程，用于直接构建活体结构。近几十年来， 3D打印技术的发展及专用生物材料的出现，使得生物组分和复杂3D结构的高精度制造成为可能。在产科与妇科实践中，子宫托被日益广泛地应用于压力性尿失禁、盆腔器官脱垂及宫颈机能不全的治疗。目前市售子宫托多遵循“统一尺寸适用于所有人”的原则，未能充分考虑女性个体解剖差异。因而在贴合度不足及缺乏便捷个体化调节的情况下，其临床效果受到限制。本研究旨在分析文献中关于利用3D打印技术实现子宫托个体化选择与应用的相关研究，重点涵盖其在压力性尿失禁、盆腔器官脱垂及宫颈机能不全中的应用前景。对PubMed、ScienceDirect、Elsevier及eLibrary.ru数据库中2015—2025年发表的俄罗斯及国外文献进行了分析。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>сervical insufficiency (CI)</kwd><kwd>preterm labor</kwd><kwd>three-dimensional (3D) printing</kwd><kwd>3D printing</kwd><kwd>pessary</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>истмико-цервикальная недостаточность</kwd><kwd>преждевременные роды</kwd><kwd>трёхмерная печать</kwd><kwd>3D-печать</kwd><kwd>пессарий</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>宫颈机能不全</kwd><kwd>早产</kwd><kwd>三维打印</kwd><kwd>3D 打印</kwd><kwd>子宫托</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>World Health Organization (2021). 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