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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">653397</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/aog653397</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">MQHHWQ</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Breaking new ground: the role of molecular methods in detection of bacterial vaginosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Открытие нового горизонта: роль молекулярных методов в выявлении бактериального вагиноза</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>开启新视野：分子方法在细菌性阴道病检测中的作用</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-3195</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6973-6276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazantseva</surname><given-names>Valeriya D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казанцева</surname><given-names>Валерия Дмитриевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Kazantseva</surname><given-names>Valeriya D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>shapee08@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0399-1167</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gushchin</surname><given-names>Alexander E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гущин</surname><given-names>Александр Евгеньевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gushchin</surname><given-names>Alexander E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p id="tw-target-text">MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. биол. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>aguschin1965@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2353-123X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9407-9014</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ozolinya</surname><given-names>Lyudmila A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Озолиня</surname><given-names>Людмила Анатольевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Ozolinya</surname><given-names>Lyudmila A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>ozolinya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7244-4944</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3157-3682</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Савченко</surname><given-names>Татьяна Николаевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Savchenko</surname><given-names>Tatyana N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>12111944t@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7830-2290</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2925-9948</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Dobrokhotova</surname><given-names>Yulia E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Доброхотова</surname><given-names>Юлия Эдуардовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Dobrokhotova</surname><given-names>Yulia E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>pr.dobrohotova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">The Russian National Research Medical University named after N.I. Pirogov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Московский научно-практический центр дерматовенерологии и косметологии</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-06" publication-format="electronic"><day>06</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-06-10" publication-format="electronic"><day>10</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>180</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-02-04"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-04-16"><day>16</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-07-10"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/653397">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/653397</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bacterial vaginosis is one of the most common disturbances of the vaginal microbiota in women of reproductive age and is associated with an imbalance between lactobacilli and opportunistic microorganisms. Traditional diagnostic approaches based on clinical symptoms and laboratory methods—primarily microscopy or culture—are often insufficient in terms of sensitivity and specificity for detecting this condition, which may lead to diagnostic errors. In recent years, molecular methods, including polymerase chain reaction and metagenomic analysis, have become valuable tools for more accurate diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in obstetric and gynecological practice. These technologies not only enable identification of pathogenic microorganisms but also allow for quantification of their relative abundance, thus significantly improving diagnostic accuracy. This article reviews current molecular approaches for the detection of bacterial vaginosis, their advantages and limitations, and their application in clinical settings. Recent studies are analyzed to illustrate how molecular diagnostics can contribute to more precise diagnosis and individualized treatment approach. The prospects for incorporating these technologies into routine clinical practice are also discussed, with the potential to improve women’s health and reduce the recurrences of bacterial vaginosis. Thus, molecular methods represent a significant breakthrough in the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis, opening new opportunities for effective therapy and prevention.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Бактериальный вагиноз представляет собой одно из наиболее распространённых нарушений в микрофлоре влагалища у женщин репродуктивного возраста, которое связано с нарушением баланса между содержанием лактобактерий и условно-патогенными микроорганизмами. Традиционные методы диагностики, основанные на клинических проявлениях и лабораторных методах, преимущественно на микроскопических или культуральных, часто оказываются недостаточно чувствительными и специфичными для выявления данной патологии, что может приводить к ошибкам при постановке диагноза. В последние годы молекулярные методы, включая полимеразную цепную реакцию и метагеномные исследования, становятся важными инструментами для более точной диагностики бактериального вагиноза в практике акушера-гинеколога. Эти технологии позволяют не только идентифицировать патогенные микроорганизмы, но и оценить их количественное соотношение, что значительно улучшает диагностику. В данной статье рассматриваются современные молекулярные подходы к выявлению бактериального вагиноза, их преимущества и недостатки, а также применение в клинической практике. Проанализированы результаты недавних исследований, которые показывают, как молекулярные методы могут способствовать более точной диагностике и индивидуальному подходу в лечении. Обсуждаются также перспективы внедрения этих технологий в рутинную клиническую практику, что может привести к улучшению состояния здоровья женщин и снижению эпизодов бактериального вагиноза. Таким образом, молекулярные методы представляют собой значительный прорыв в диагностике бактериального вагиноза, открывая новые возможности для эффективной терапии и профилактики.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>细菌性阴道病是育龄期女性中最常见的阴道微生态失衡之一，其表现为乳酸杆菌与条件致病菌之间的比例失调。传统的诊断方法主要依赖临床症状及显微镜检查或培养等实验室技术，但在检测该病时往往缺乏足够的敏感性和特异性，从而可能导致诊断错误。近年来，分子诊断方法，包括聚合酶链式反应和宏基因组研究，已逐渐成为妇产科实践中更为精准诊断细菌性阴道病的重要工具。这些技术不仅能够识别致病微生物，还能评估其数量比例，从而显著提升对细菌性阴道病的诊断水平。本文探讨了当前用于检测细菌性阴道病的分子方法、其优缺点及在临床实践中的应用。文中还分析了近期研究结果，表明分子方法有助于提高诊断的准确性并推动个体化治疗。此外，文章还探讨了将此类技术应用于常规临床实践的前景，其潜力在于改善女性健康状况，并减少细菌性阴道病的复发。因此，分子方法在细菌性阴道病的诊断中构成了重大突破，为有效治疗和预防开辟了新的可能性。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacterial vaginosis</kwd><kwd>diagnosis</kwd><kwd>genetic diversity</kwd><kwd>biofilms</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактериальный вагиноз</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>генетическое разнообразие</kwd><kwd>биоплёнки</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>细菌性阴道病</kwd><kwd>诊断</kwd><kwd>遗传多样性</kwd><kwd>生物膜</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Chen X, Lu Y, Chen T, Li R. 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