<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE root>
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">635292</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/aog635292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Noninvasive methods for preimplantation blastocyst quality assessment in in vitro fertilization programs</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Неинвазивные методы преимплантационной оценки качества бластоцисты в программах экстракорпорального оплодотворения</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>体外受精方案中胚泡质量的非侵入性植前评估方法</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9859-7601</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abasheva</surname><given-names>Daria D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абашева</surname><given-names>Дарья Денисовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Abasheva</surname><given-names>Daria D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Student</p></bio><email>daryaabash5@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0000-1439</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4833-3586</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>Ekaterina E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руденко</surname><given-names>Екатерина Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rudenko</surname><given-names>Ekaterina E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant Professor</p></bio><email>redikor2@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2891-3421</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4753-5430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонова</surname><given-names>Наталья Сяитовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Trifonova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>Trifonova.nataly@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4062-4817</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Korolenko</surname><given-names>Svetlana E.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Короленко</surname><given-names>Светлана Евгеньевна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Korolenko</surname><given-names>Svetlana E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Student</p></bio><email>korolenko.svt@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1960-9027</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Utkina</surname><given-names>Yulia I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Уткина</surname><given-names>Юлия Ильинична</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Utkina</surname><given-names>Yulia I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Student</p></bio><email>utknes@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8309-0940</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tikhomirova</surname><given-names>Polina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тихомирова</surname><given-names>Полина Игоревна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Tikhomirova</surname><given-names>Polina I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>студент</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Student</p></bio><email>p.tikhomiirova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="kk"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="pt"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Tyumen State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Тюменский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Tyumen State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff4"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">North-Western State Medical University named after I.I. Mechnikov</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff5"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kursk State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Курский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">Kursk State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-02-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-02-24" publication-format="electronic"><day>24</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>15</fpage><lpage>26</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-08-20"><day>20</day><month>08</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-10-21"><day>21</day><month>10</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2025,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-04-11"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/635292">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/635292</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Since the first <italic>in vitro</italic> fertilization (IVF) procedure, assisted reproductive technologies have helped many patients overcome infertility. However, according to the 2022 National Registry of Assisted Reproductive Technologies of the Russian Association of Human Reproduction, the probability of achieving pregnancy through IVF remains below 50%. Morphological assessment of blastocyst quality remains the gold standard. Implantation rates have increased to some extent due to the selection of high-quality embryos. However, given the subjectivity of morphological evaluation, further research is needed to establish the correlation between embryo reproductive potential and morphology. Time-lapse imaging combined with artificial intelligence may enhance the objectivity of assessment and identify additional morphological features indicative of blastocyst quality. The detection of exosomes, proteins, and metabolites secreted into the culture medium during embryo development may provide insights into the physiological state of the embryo and its interactions with the surrounding environment, potentially serving as markers of implantation potential. This review provides an overview of the morphological and biochemical markers of blastocyst quality, their interrelationships, and the use of artificial intelligence in embryo selection for transfer. A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar using the following keywords: IVF, blastocyst, human embryo, culture media, timelapse system, embryo string, embryo exosomes, morphology, artificial intelligence, proteome, and metabolome. The analysis included studies published in the past five years.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>С момента первой процедуры экстракорпорального оплодотворения вспомогательные репродуктивные технологии помогли многим пациентам в лечении бесплодия. Однако, по данным национального регистра вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий Российской ассоциации репродукции человека (2022), вероятность беременности в результате экстракорпорального оплодотворения по-прежнему составляет менее 50%. Морфологическая оценка качества бластоцисты остаётся золотым стандартом. В определённой степени доля имплантации увеличилась благодаря отбору высококачественных эмбрионов. Однако в связи с субъективным характером морфологической оценки необходимы дальнейшие исследования для установления связи репродуктивного потенциала эмбрионов с их морфологией. Повысить объективность оценки и обнаружить новые морфологические признаки качества бластоцисты может система замедленной съёмки в комплексе с возможностями искусственного интеллекта. Детекция экзосом, белков и метаболитов, которые выделяются в процессе роста в культуральную среду, могут помочь определить способность бластоцисты к имплантации, так как они предоставляют информацию о физиологическом состоянии эмбриона и его взаимодействии с окружающей средой. В данном научном обзоре представлены сведения о морфологических, биохимических признаках качества бластоцисты, их взаимосвязи, а также применении искусственного интеллекта в отборе эмбриона для переноса. Поиск публикаций произведён в электронных базах данных PubMed и Google Scholar. Статьи искали по следующим ключевым словам: «IVF», «blastocyst», «human embryo», «culture media», «timelapse system», «embryo string», «embryo exosomes», «morphology», «artificial intilligence», «proteome», «metabolome». В работе проанализированы статьи, опубликованные в последние 5 лет.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>自首次体外受精（IVF, in vitro fertilization）技术问世以来，辅助生殖技术已帮助众多患者克服不孕难题。然而，根据俄罗斯人类生殖协会（2022年）辅助生殖技术国家注册数据，IVF的妊娠成功率仍低于50%。目前，胚泡的形态学评估仍然是胚胎质量评估的“金标准”，在一定程度上，通过选择高质量胚胎，提高了胚胎植入率。然而，由于形态学评估具有一定主观性，因此需要进一步研究，以明确胚胎的生殖潜能与其形态之间的相关性。延时成像系统结合人工智能技术可提高评估的客观性，并识别新的胚泡质量形态学特征。此外，胚胎在培养过程中释放到培养液中的外泌体、蛋白质和代谢物的检测，可提供关于胚胎生理状态及其与环境相互作用的信息，从而有助于预测胚泡的植入潜能。本综述总结了胚泡质量的形态学及生化特征及其相互关系，并探讨了人工智能在胚胎筛选与移植决策中的应用。文献检索在PubMed和Google Scholar电子数据库中进行，使用的关键词包括：“IVF”（体外受精）、“blastocyst”（囊胚）、“human embryo”（人类胚胎）、“culture media”（培养基）、“timelapse system”（延时成像系统）、“embryo string”（胚胎细胞质串）、“embryo exosomes”（胚胎外泌体）、“morphology”（形态学）、“artificial intelligence”（人工智能）、“proteome”（蛋白质组）、“metabolome”（代谢组）。 本研究分析了近5年发表的相关文献。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blastocyst</kwd><kwd>implantation</kwd><kwd>culture medium</kwd><kwd>metabolome</kwd><kwd>proteome</kwd><kwd>exosomes</kwd><kwd>IVF</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бластоциста</kwd><kwd>имплантация</kwd><kwd>культуральная жидкость</kwd><kwd>метаболом</kwd><kwd>протеом</kwd><kwd>экзосомы</kwd><kwd>ЭКО</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>胚泡</kwd><kwd>植入</kwd><kwd>培养液</kwd><kwd>代谢组</kwd><kwd>蛋白质组</kwd><kwd>外泌体</kwd><kwd>体外受精</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Farquhar C, Rishworth JR, Brown J, Nelen WL, Marjoribanks J. Assisted reproductive technology: an overview of Cochrane reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(12):CD010537. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010537.pub3</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Gardner DK, Lane M, Stevens J, et al. Blastocyst score affects implantation and pregnancy outcome: towards a single blastocyst transfer. Fertil Steril. 2000;73(6):1155–1158. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00518-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B3"><label>3.</label><mixed-citation>Wang C, Shu J, Lin R, et al. Choosing the optimal blastocyst by morphology score versus developmental rate in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Hum Fertil (Camb). doi: 10.1080/14647273.2020.1778199</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B4"><label>4.</label><mixed-citation>Li N, Guan Y, Ren B, et al. Effect of blastocyst morphology and developmental rate on euploidy and live birth rates in preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy cycles with single-embryo transfer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022;13:858042. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.858042</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B5"><label>5.</label><mixed-citation>Zhang WY, Johal JK, Gardner RM, et al. The impact of euploid blastocyst morphology and maternal age on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in natural cycle frozen embryo transfers. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2022;39(3):647–654. doi: 10.1007/s10815-022-02423-1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B6"><label>6.</label><mixed-citation>Wang T, Si J, Wang B, et al. Prediction of live birth in vitrified-warmed 1PN-derived blastocyst transfer: Overall quality grade, ICM, TE, and expansion degree. Front Physiol. 2022;13:964360. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.964360</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B7"><label>7.</label><mixed-citation>Baatarsuren M, Sengebaljir D, Ganbaatar C, et al. The trophectoderm could be better predictable parameter than inner cellular mass (ICM) for live birth rate and gender imbalance. Reprod Biol. 2022;22(1):100596. doi: 10.1016/j.repbio.2021.100596</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B8"><label>8.</label><mixed-citation>Hamidova A, İsenlik BS, Hidisoğlu E, et al. Investigation of the effects of trophectoderm morphology on obstetric outcomes in fifth day blastocyst transfer in patients undergoing in-vitro-fertilization. J Turk Ger Gynecol Assoc. 2022;23(3):167–176. doi: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2022.2021-10-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B9"><label>9.</label><mixed-citation>Utsuno H, Ishimaru T, Matsumoto M, et al. Morphometric assessment of blastocysts: relationship with the ongoing pregnancy rate. F S Rep. 2022;4(1):85–92. doi: 10.1016/j.xfre.2022.11.001</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B10"><label>10.</label><mixed-citation>Carson DD, Bagchi I, Dey SK, et al. Embryo implantation. Dev Biol. 2000;223(2):217–237. doi: 10.1006/dbio.2000.9767</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B11"><label>11.</label><mixed-citation>Han EJ, Park JK, Eum JH, Bang S, Kim JW, Lee WS. Spontaneously hatching human blastocyst is associated with high development potential and live birth rate in vitrified-warmed single blastocyst transfer: a retrospective cohort study. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2024;164(1):315–323. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.15084</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B12"><label>12.</label><mixed-citation>Kim JH, Park EA, Yoon TK, et al. In vitro fertilization outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfer with hatched blastocysts versus with hatching blastocysts. Reprod Sci. 2025;32(1):74–84. doi: 10.1007/s43032-024-01499-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B13"><label>13.</label><mixed-citation>Rodriguez-Purata J, Gingold J, Lee J, et al. Hatching status before embryo transfer is not correlated with implantation rate in chromosomally screened blastocysts. Hum Reprod. 2016;31(11):2458–2470. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dew205</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B14"><label>14.</label><mixed-citation>Canon CM, Hernandez-Nieto C, Slifkin RE, et al. Expansion grade of post thaw embryos and implantation potential. Fertil Steril. 2022;118(4):e83–e84.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B15"><label>15.</label><mixed-citation>Michailov Y, Friedler S, Saar-Ryss B. Methods to improve frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer outcomes- the IVF laboratory perspective. Journal of IVF-Worldwide. 2023;1(1-3):1–13. doi: 10.46989/001c.87541</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B16"><label>16.</label><mixed-citation>Vanderzwalmen P, Zech N, Greindl AJ, Ectors F, Lejeune B. Cryopréservation des embryons humains par vitrification [Cryopreservation of human embryos by vitrification]. Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2006;34(9):760–769. doi: 10.1016/j.gyobfe.2006.07.010</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B17"><label>17.</label><mixed-citation>Allen M, Hale L, Lantsberg D, et al. Post-warming embryo morphology is associated with live birth: a cohort study of single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2022;39(2):417–425. doi: 10.1007/s10815-021-02390-z</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B18"><label>18.</label><mixed-citation>Park JK, Ahn SY, Seok SH, et al. Clinical usability of embryo development using a combined qualitative and quantitative approach in a single vitrified-warmed blastocyst transfer: assessment of pre-vitrified blastocyst diameter and post-warmed blastocyst re-expansion speed. J Clin Med. 2022;11(23):7085. doi: 10.3390/jcm11237085</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B19"><label>19.</label><mixed-citation>Hershko-Klement A, Raviv S, Nemerovsky L, et al. Standardization of post-vitrification human blastocyst expansion as a tool for implantation prediction. J Clin Med. 2022;11(9):2673. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092673</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B20"><label>20.</label><mixed-citation>Rubio I, Galán A, Larreategui Z, et al. Clinical validation of embryo culture and selection by morphokinetic analysis: a randomized, controlled trial of the EmbryoScope. Fertil Steril. 2014;102(5):1287–1294.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.07.738</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B21"><label>21.</label><mixed-citation>Salas-Vidal E, Lomelí H. Imaging filopodia dynamics in the mouse blastocyst. Dev Biol. 2004;265(1):75–89. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2003.09.012</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B22"><label>22.</label><mixed-citation>Scott LA. Oocyte and embryo polarity. Semin Reprod Med. 2000;18(2):171–183. doi: 10.1055/s-2000-12556</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B23"><label>23.</label><mixed-citation>ESHRE Capri Workshop Group. Europe the continent with the lowest fertility. Hum Reprod Update. 2010;16(6):590–602. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmq023</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B24"><label>24.</label><mixed-citation>Ebner T, Sesli Ö, Kresic S, et al. Time-lapse imaging of cytoplasmic strings at the blastocyst stage suggests their association with spontaneous blastocoel collapse. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020;40(2):191–199. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.11.004</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B25"><label>25.</label><mixed-citation>Ma B-X, Jin L, Huang B, et al. Cytoplasmic string between ICM and mTE is a positive predictor of clinical pregnancy and live birth outcomes in elective frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer cycles: a time-lapse study. 11 December 2020, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square. doi: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-122470/v1</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B26"><label>26.</label><mixed-citation>Joo K, Nemes A, Dudas B, et al. The importance of cytoplasmic strings during early human embryonic development. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023;11:1177279. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1177279</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B27"><label>27.</label><mixed-citation>Park JK, Park JE, Bang S, et al. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting ongoing pregnancy in single vitrified-warmed blastocyst embryo transfer cycles. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1257764. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1257764</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B28"><label>28.</label><mixed-citation>Rajendran S, Brendel M, Barnes J, et al. Automatic ploidy prediction and quality assessment of human blastocyst using time-lapse imaging. Preprint. bioRxiv. 2023;2023.08.31.555741. doi: 10.1101/2023.08.31.555741</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B29"><label>29.</label><mixed-citation>Wang S, Fan J, Li H, Zhao M, Li X, Leung Chan DY. A dataset for deep learning based cleavage-stage blastocyst prediction with time-lapse images. bioRxiv. Published online December 27, 2023. doi: 10.1101/2023.12.26.573382</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B30"><label>30.</label><mixed-citation>Lee C, Kim G, Shin T, et al. Noninvasive time-lapse 3D subcellular analysis of embryo development for machine learning-enabled prediction of blastocyst formation. bioRxiv. Published online May 8, 2024. doi: 10.1101/2024.05.07.592317</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B31"><label>31.</label><mixed-citation>Nasiri N, Eftekhari-Yazdi P. An overview of the available methods for morphological scoring of pre-implantation embryos in in vitro fertilization. Cell J. 2015;16(4):392–405. doi: 10.22074/cellj.2015.486</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B32"><label>32.</label><mixed-citation>Hawke DC, Watson AJ, Betts DH. Extracellular vesicles, microRNA and the preimplantation embryo: non-invasive clues of embryo well-being. Reprod Biomed Online. 2021;42(1):39–54. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.11.011</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B33"><label>33.</label><mixed-citation>Rubio C, Rodrigo L, Garcia-Pascual C, et al. Clinical application of embryo aneuploidy testing by next-generation sequencing. Biol Reprod. 2019;101(6):1083–1090. doi: 10.1093/biolre/ioz019</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B34"><label>34.</label><mixed-citation>Rudenko EE, Trifonova NS, Demura TA, et al. The role of placental exosomes in the development of pregnancy complications. Gynecology, Obstetrics and Perinatology. 2018;17(2):89–97. doi: 10.20953/1726-1678-2018-2-89-96 EDN: UUTZVO</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B35"><label>35.</label><mixed-citation>Tiegs AW, Tao X, Zhan Y, et al. A multicenter, prospective, blinded, nonselection study evaluating the predictive value of an aneuploid diagnosis using a targeted next-generation sequencing-based preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy assay and impact of biopsy. Fertil Steril. 2021;115(3):627–637. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.07.052</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B36"><label>36.</label><mixed-citation>Gellersen B, Reimann K, Samalecos A, et al. Invasiveness of human endometrial stromal cells is promoted by decidualization and by trophoblast-derived signals. Hum Reprod. 2010;25(4):862–873. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dep468</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B37"><label>37.</label><mixed-citation>Doyle LM, Wang MZ. Overview of extracellular vesicles, their origin, composition, purpose, and methods for exosome isolation and analysis. Cells. 2019;8(7):727. doi: 10.3390/cells8070727</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B38"><label>38.</label><mixed-citation>Vyas N, Dhawan J. Exosomes: mobile platforms for targeted and synergistic signaling across cell boundaries. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2017;74(9):1567–1576. doi: 10.1007/s00018-016-2413-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B39"><label>39.</label><mixed-citation>Giacomini E, Vago R, Sanchez AM, et al. Secretome of in vitro cultured human embryos contains extracellular vesicles that are uptaken by the maternal side. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):5210. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-05549-w</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B40"><label>40.</label><mixed-citation>Saadeldin IM, Kim SJ, Choi YB, Lee BC. Improvement of cloned embryos development by co-culturing with parthenotes: a possible role of exosomes/microvesicles for embryos paracrine communication. Cell Reprogram. 2014;16(3):223–234. doi: 10.1089/cell.2014.0003</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B41"><label>41.</label><mixed-citation>Kreth S, Hübner M, Hinske LC. MicroRNAs as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic tools in perioperative medicine. Anesth Analg. 2018;126(2):670–681. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002444</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B42"><label>42.</label><mixed-citation>Gombos K, Oldal M, Kalacs KI, et al. Droplet digital PCR analysis of miR-191-3p in the spent blastocyst culture media might reflect the reproductive competence of the 3rd day human embryo. J Clin Chem Lab Med. 2019;2(2):1000132.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B43"><label>43.</label><mixed-citation>Borges E Jr, Setti AS, Braga DP, et al. miR-142-3p as a biomarker of blastocyst implantation failure — A pilot study. JBRA Assist Reprod. 2016;20(4):200–205. doi: 10.5935/1518-0557.20160039</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B44"><label>44.</label><mixed-citation>Abu-Halima M, Häusler S, Backes C, et al. Micro-ribonucleic acids and extracellular vesicles repertoire in the spent culture media is altered in women undergoing In Vitro Fertilization. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13525. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-13683-8</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B45"><label>45.</label><mixed-citation>Cimadomo D, Rienzi L, Giancani A, et al. Definition and validation of a custom protocol to detect miRNAs in the spent media after blastocyst culture: searching for biomarkers of implantation. Hum Reprod. 2019;34(9):1746–1761. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dez119</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B46"><label>46.</label><mixed-citation>Pallinger E, Bognar Z, Bodis J, et al. A simple and rapid flow cytometry-based assay to identify a competent embryo prior to embryo transfer. Sci Rep. 2017;7:39927. doi: 10.1038/srep39927</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B47"><label>47.</label><mixed-citation>Horgan RP, Clancy OH, Myers JE, Baker PN. An overview of proteomic and metabolomic technologies and their application to pregnancy research. BJOG. 2009;116(2):173–181. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01997.x</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B48"><label>48.</label><mixed-citation>Leese HJ, Baumann CG, Brison DR, et al. Metabolism of the viable mammalian embryo: quietness revisited. Mol Hum Reprod. 2008;14(12):667–672. doi: 10.1093/molehr/gan065</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B49"><label>49.</label><mixed-citation>Kanaka V, Proikakis S, Drakakis P, et al. Implementing a preimplantation proteomic approach to advance assisted reproduction technologies in the framework of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine. EPMA J. 2022;13(2):237–260. doi: 10.1007/s13167-022-00282-5</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B50"><label>50.</label><mixed-citation>Deng S, Xu Y, Warden AR, et al. Quantitative proteomics and metabolomics of culture medium from single human embryo reveal embryo quality-related multiomics biomarkers. Anal Chem. 2024;96(29):11832–11844. doi: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01494</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B51"><label>51.</label><mixed-citation>Ji H, Shi X, Wang J, et al. Peptidomic analysis of blastocyst culture medium and the effect of peptide derived from blastocyst culture medium on blastocyst formation and viability. Mol Reprod Dev. 2020;87(1):191–201. doi: 10.1002/mrd.23308</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B52"><label>52.</label><mixed-citation>Freis A, Roesner S, Marshall A, et al. Non-invasive embryo assessment: altered individual protein profile in spent culture media from embryos transferred at day 5. Reprod Sci. 2021;28(7):1866–1873. doi: 10.1007/s43032-020-00362-9</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B53"><label>53.</label><mixed-citation>Fujiwara H, Tatsumi K, Kosaka K, et al. Human blastocysts and endometrial epithelial cells express activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM/CD166). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88(7):3437–3443. doi: 10.1210/jc.2002-021888</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B54"><label>54.</label><mixed-citation>Liu X, Liu X, Liu W, et al. HOXA9 transcriptionally regulates the EPHB4 receptor to modulate trophoblast migration and invasion. Placenta. 2017;51:38–48. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.01.127</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B55"><label>55.</label><mixed-citation>Parris JJ, Cooke VG, Skarnes WC, et al. JAM-A expression during embryonic development. Dev Dyn. 2005;233(4):1517–1524. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.20481</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B56"><label>56.</label><mixed-citation>Feng Y, Ma X, Deng L, et al. Role of selectins and their ligands in human implantation stage. Glycobiology. 2017;27(5):385–391. doi: 10.1093/glycob/cwx009</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B57"><label>57.</label><mixed-citation>Chau SE, Murthi P, Wong MH, et al. Control of extravillous trophoblast function by the eotaxins CCL11, CCL24 and CCL26. Hum Reprod. 2013;28(6):1497–1507. doi: 10.1093/humrep/det060</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B58"><label>58.</label><mixed-citation>Zhao XM, Cui LS, Hao HS, et al. Transcriptome analyses of inner cell mass and trophectoderm cells isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting from bovine blastocysts using single cell RNA-seq. Reprod Domest Anim. 2016;51(5):726–735. doi: 10.1111/rda.12737</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B59"><label>59.</label><mixed-citation>Xiong Y, Zhang D. Effect of retinoic acid on apoptosis and expression of Fas proteins in mouse blastocysts cultured in vitro. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technolog Med Sci. 2008;28(3):239–242. doi: 10.1007/s11596-008-0302-7</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B60"><label>60.</label><mixed-citation>Basak S, Das MK, Duttaroy AK. Fatty acid-induced angiogenesis in first trimester placental trophoblast cells: possible roles of cellular fatty acid-binding proteins. Life Sci. 2013;93(21):755–762. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.024</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B61"><label>61.</label><mixed-citation>Jeong W, Song G, Kim J. Mitogen activated protein kinase pathway-dependent effects of platelet-derived growth factor on migration of trophectoderm cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2015;463(4):575–581. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.098</mixed-citation></ref></ref-list></back></article>
