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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">633897</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/aog633897</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Bacterial vaginosis biofilms: a target for therapeutic innovation</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Биоплёнки бактериального вагиноза — мишень для терапевтического новаторства</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title>细菌性阴道病生物膜：治疗创新的靶点</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7026-1607</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4432-5748</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Rossolovskaya</surname><given-names>Kseniya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Россоловская</surname><given-names>Ксения Антоновна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Rossolovskaya</surname><given-names>Kseniya A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><email>dr.rossolovskaya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2891-3421</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4753-5430</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Trifonova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Трифонова</surname><given-names>Наталья Сяитовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Trifonova</surname><given-names>Natalia S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>trifonova.nataly@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0144-4984</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9593-1990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Gadaeva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гадаева</surname><given-names>Ирина Викторовна</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Gadaeva</surname><given-names>Irina V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><email>irina090765@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1575-6268</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5230-8811</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Spivak</surname><given-names>Leonid G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Спивак</surname><given-names>Леонид Григорьевич</given-names></name><name xml:lang="zh"><surname>Spivak</surname><given-names>Leonid G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><bio xml:lang="zh"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><email>leonid.spivak@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="zh">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-12-12" publication-format="electronic"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-12-22" publication-format="electronic"><day>22</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><issue-title xml:lang="zh"/><fpage>406</fpage><lpage>415</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2024-06-27"><day>27</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-07-29"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2024,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-22"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/633897">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/633897</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one of the most common vaginal microbiome abnormalities worldwide and a risk factor for various obstetric and gynecological complications.</p> <p>Despite years of exploration, existing and quickly emerging clinical, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods, and progressive development of science in general, the etiology and pathogenesis of BV remain poorly understood. This is evidenced by the high incidence of chronic and/or recurrent course. There are standard therapeutic approaches aimed to eradicating the causative agent, but the level of efficacy remains questionable due to recurrent episodes. Therefore, further studies of this problem are warranted. Actually, it is evident that <italic>G. vaginalis</italic> forms polymicrobial biofilms on urogenital tract mucosa.</p> <p>Biofilms represent associations of microorganisms that are adhered to the surface of the epithelium and connected together in the polymer matrix. Biofilms change the properties of the microorganisms involved into their structural frame and provide beneficial conditions for their interactions. This results in the increase of the existing pathogenic properties of bacteria associated with BV, as well as in the appearance of new features. Thus, the microorganisms become less susceptible to previously effective antibiotics and to aggressive media. Finally, this contributes to the recurrent course of the disease.</p> <p>In most cases, treatment of BV is based on the immediate effect on the microorganisms, but in patients with confirmed biofilm-associated BV this strategy is not effective and is associated with BV recurrences. Thus, currently relevant issues include exploration of the causes of recurrent BV, development of anti-biofilm agents able to disrupt their matrix and release bacteria from their carcass, and introduction of these agents into clinical practice. This will increase the effectiveness of treatment.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Бактериальный вагиноз — один из наиболее распространённых вариантов нарушения вагинального микробиома во всём мире. Он является фактором риска развития различных осложнений в акушерской и гинекологической практике.</p> <p>Несмотря на многолетнее изучение этого синдрома, существующие и динамично совершенствующиеся клинико-лабораторные и инструментальные методы диагностики, прогрессивное развитие науки в целом, этиология и патогенез БВ до сих пор недостаточно изучены. Об этом свидетельствует высокая частота хронического и/или рецидивирующего течения. Существуют стандартные терапевтические подходы, направленные на эрадикацию этиологического агента, однако уровень эффективности остаётся сомнительным из-за повторяющихся эпизодов, что требует дальнейшего изучения данной проблемы. В настоящее время достоверно установлено, что <italic>G. vaginalis</italic> формирует на слизистой урогенитального тракта полимикробные биоплёнки.</p> <p>Биоплёнка представляет собой кооперацию микроорганизмов, которые прикреплены к поверхности эпителия и связаны между собой полимерным матриксом. Биоплёнка оказывает влияние на свойства микроорганизмов, входящих в её структуру, обеспечивает условия для их взаимодействия. Это приводит не только к усилению уже имеющихся патогенных свойств бактерий, ассоциированных с бактериальным вагинозом, но и к формированию новых характеристик, благодаря которым микроорганизмы становятся в меньшей степени восприимчивы к ранее эффективным антибактериальным препаратам и агрессивным средам, что способствует рецидивированию.</p> <p>В большинстве случаев лечение бактериального вагиноза осуществляется по прямому механизму воздействия на микроорганизмы, однако у пациенток с верифицированным биоплёночным бактериальным вагинозом такая стратегия нерезультативна, что приводит к рецидивам. Таким образом, на сегодняшний день остаются актуальными диагностика причин рецидивирующего бактериального вагиноза, разработка и внедрение в клиническую практику антибиоплёночных агентов, нацеленных на разрушение матрикса биоплёнки и освобождение из его структуры бактерий, что позволит повысить эффективность лечения.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p>细菌性阴道病（Bacterial Vaginosis, BV）是全球范围内最常见的阴道微生物群失调类型之一，同时是产科和妇科实践中各种并发症的重要风险因素。</p> <p>尽管这一综合征已被研究多年，并且现有的临床实验室和仪器诊断方法不断完善，但BV的病因和发病机制仍未完全阐明。这可以从其高慢性化和高复发率的特点中看出。目前的标准治疗方法主要旨在根除病原体，但由于复发率高，治疗效果仍然有限，这需要进一步深入研究。研究表明，G. vaginalis 在尿生殖道黏膜上形成多菌种生物膜。</p> <p>生物膜是微生物的集合体，其附着在上皮表面，并通过聚合物基质相互连接。生物膜改变了其内部微生物的特性，为其提供相互作用的条件。这不仅增强了与BV相关的细菌既有的致病特性，还赋予了它们新的特性，包括降低对以往有效抗菌药物和不利环境的敏感性，从而导致复发。</p> <p>在大多数情况下，BV的治疗直接针对微生物，但对于被诊断为生物膜型BV的患者，这种治疗策略效果有限，往往导致复发。因此，目前的研究重点是明确复发性BV的原因，并开发针对生物膜基质破坏的抗生物膜药物。这些药物能够释放基质内的细菌，从而显著提高治疗效果。</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>bacterial vaginosis</kwd><kwd>etiology</kwd><kwd>biofilms</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бактериальный вагиноз</kwd><kwd>этиология</kwd><kwd>биоплёнки</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="zh"><kwd>细菌性阴道病</kwd><kwd>病因学</kwd><kwd>生物膜</kwd><kwd>治疗</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Letyaeva OI. 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