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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">624637</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2313-8726-2023-10-4-261-276</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="zh"><subject>Original study articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Debate on the oncologic potential of sex steroid preparations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Дискуссионные вопросы онкологического потенциала препаратов половых стероидов</trans-title></trans-title-group><trans-title-group xml:lang="zh"><trans-title/></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-4584</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Klyukina</surname><given-names>Lidiya A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клюкина</surname><given-names>Лидия Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Graduate Student</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>аспирант</p></bio><email>lidiaklyukina@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1732-6870</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6313-9959</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sosnova</surname><given-names>Elena A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соснова</surname><given-names>Елена Алексеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>sosnova-elena@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6673-3934</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishchenko</surname><given-names>Anton A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ищенко</surname><given-names>Антон Анатольевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>ra2001_2001@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5038-9307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Davydov</surname><given-names>Mikhail M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Давыдов</surname><given-names>Михаил Михайлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of Oncology</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, член-корр. РАН, зав. кафедрой онкологии</p></bio><email>mihail-davydov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова (Сеченовский Университет)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical and Rehabilitation Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Лечебно-реабилитационный центр»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-19" publication-format="electronic"><day>19</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>261</fpage><lpage>276</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-12-14"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-12-14"><day>14</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="zh">Copyright ©; 2023,</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2025-12-19"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/624637">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/624637</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>Background<italic>. </italic></bold>Thanks to numerous worldwide studies, the significant contribution of the hormonal component to the oncological risks of the organs of the female reproductive system is beyond doubt. Of great interest is the analysis of world research on the oncological potential of hormonal drugs, namely COCs and MGT, since this issue continues to be one of the most complex and controversial.</p> <p><bold>Aim<italic>.</italic></bold> This study aimed to contribution of hormonal factors to the development of cancer of the female reproductive system, namely breast, cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers.</p> <p><bold>Materials and Methods<italic>. </italic></bold>The study was conducted on the basis of the Center of Gynecology and Reproductive Technologies of the FSAU “National Medical Research Center “Treatment and Rehabilitation Center” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, the Department of Oncogynecology of the University Clinical Hospital No. 4 of the I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University. The analysis of medical documentation for the period from January 2015 to December 2021 was carried out. The study included 1842 patients with verified oncological disease of the female reproductive system, who had a history of taking hormonal drugs of the following pharmacological groups: hormonal contraceptives, menopausal hormone therapy drugs. The age of all patients ranged from 26 to 83 years (mean age 51.98±10.3 years). The control group consisted of 611 patients without oncological diseases, who have a history of indications for taking hormonal drugs of these pharmacological groups.</p> <p><bold>Results<italic>. </italic></bold>When assessing the effect of the duration of MGT intake on the risk of developing breast cancer, it was found that MGT intake for a total of more than 6 years was associated with a higher risk of developing breast cancer (HR 1.18; CI 1.02–1.36; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001). Using the Wald method, we found that the probability of developing breast cancer is associated with a BMI of more than 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and long-term intake of combined MGT for a total of more than 6 years. When assessing the effect of the duration of MGT intake on the risk of developing RTM, it was found that MGT intake for a total of more than 6 years was associated with a higher risk of developing RTM (HR 1,432; CI 1,172–1,750; <italic>p</italic> &lt;0.001). Using the Wald method, we found that the probability of developing RTM is associated with the presence of a BMI of more than 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, prolonged MGT intake for a total of more than 6 years and the presence of endometrial hyperplastic processes, adenomyosis, hypertension in the anamnesis. When assessing the effect of the duration of COC intake on the risk of developing breast cancer, it was found that taking COC for a total of more than 7 years was associated with a higher risk of developing breast cancer (HR 1.68; CI 1.1–2.5; <italic>p</italic>=0.010). According to the Wald method, it was revealed that the probability of developing breast cancer is associated with the presence of HPV type 16, a BMI of more than 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and prolonged intake of COCs for a total of more than 7 years. When assessing the effect of the duration of MGT intake on the risk of developing PC, it was found that MGT intake for a total of more than 9 years was associated with a higher risk of developing PC (HR 1.65; CI 1.2–2.3; <italic>p</italic>=0.010). Using the Wald method, we found that the probability of developing RYA is associated with the presence of a BMI of more than 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, MGT intake and the presence of endometrial hyperplastic processes in the anamnesis.</p> <p><bold>Conclusions<italic>. </italic></bold>With prolonged use of sex steroids, there is a tendency to increase the risk of developing cancer of the female reproductive system. Careful follow-up and limitation of the duration of taking sex steroids in risk groups will reduce carcinogenic risks.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Введение. </bold>Благодаря многочисленным общемировым исследованиям весомый вклад гормональной составляющей в онкологические риски органов женской репродуктивной системы не вызывает сомнений. Большой интерес представляет анализ мировых исследований по онкологическому потенциалу гормональных препаратов ― комбинированных оральных контрацептивов (КОК) и менопаузальной гормональной терапии (МГТ), так как данный вопрос по-прежнему остаётся одним из самых сложных и противоречивых.</p> <p><bold>Цель работы ― </bold>изучить частоту и особенности рака органов женской репродуктивной системы, а именно: молочной железы, шейки матки, эндометрия и яичников, у женщин, принимавших препараты половых стероидов.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы. </bold>Исследование проводилось на базе центра гинекологии и репродуктивных технологий «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр «Лечебно-реабилитационный центр» Минздрава РФ, отделения онкогинекологии Университетской клинической больницы № 4 Первого Московского государственного медицинского университета им. И.М. Сеченова. Авторы проводили анализ медицинской документации за период с января 2015 года по декабрь 2021 года. В исследование вошли 1842 больные с верифицированным онкологическим заболеванием органов женской репродуктивной системы, у которых в анамнезе отмечен приём гормональных препаратов следующих фармакологических групп: гормональные контрацептивы, препараты МГТ. Возраст всех пациенток составил от 26 до 83 лет (средний возраст 51,98±10,3 года). Группу контроля составили 611 пациенток без онкологических заболеваний, у которых в анамнезе есть указания на приём гормональных препаратов указанных фармакологических групп.</p> <p><bold>Результаты. </bold>При оценке влияния длительности приёма МГТ на риск развития рака молочной железы (РМЖ) обнаружено, что приём МГТ суммарно более 6 лет ассоциирован с более высоким риском развития РМЖ (ОР 1,18; ДИ 1,02–1,36; <italic>р </italic>&lt;0,001). По методу Вальда мы выявили, что вероятность развития РМЖ ассоциирована с индексом массы тела (ИМТ) более 25 кг/м<sup>2</sup> и длительным приёмом комбинированной МГТ суммарно более 6 лет. При оценке влияния длительности приёма МГТ на риск развития рака тела матки (РТМ) обнаружено, что приём МГТ суммарно более 6 лет ассоциирован с более высоким риском развития РТМ (ОР 1,432; ДИ 1,172–1,750; <italic>р </italic>&lt;0,001). По методу Вальда мы выявили, что вероятность развития РТМ ассоциирована с наличием ИМТ более 25 кг/м<sup>2</sup>, длительным приёмом МГТ суммарно более 6 лет и наличием гиперпластических процессов эндометрия, аденомиоза и гипертонической болезни в анамнезе. При оценке влияния длительности приёма КОК на риск развития рака шейки матки (РШМ) обнаружено, что приём КОК суммарно более 7 лет ассоциирован с более высоким риском развития РШМ (ОР 1,68; ДИ 1,1–2,5; <italic>р</italic>=0,010). По методу Вальда выявлено, что вероятность развития РШМ ассоциирована с наличием ВПЧ 16-го типа, ИМТ более 25 кг/м<sup>2</sup> и длительным приёмом КОК суммарно более 7 лет. При оценке влияния длительности приёма МГТ на риск развития рака яичников (РЯ) установлено, что приём МГТ суммарно более 9 лет ассоциирован с более высоким риском развития РЯ (ОР 1,65; ДИ 1,2–2,3; <italic>р</italic>=0,010). По методу Вальда мы выявили, что вероятность развития РЯ ассоциирована с наличием ИМТ более 25 кг/м<sup>2</sup>, приёмом МГТ и наличием гиперпластических процессов эндометрия в анамнезе.</p> <p><bold>Заключение. </bold>При длительном приёме препаратов половых стероидов прослеживается тенденция к повышению рисков развития рака органов женской репродуктивной системы. Тщательное диспансерное наблюдение и ограничение длительности приёма препаратов половых стероидов в группах риска позволит снизить канцерогенные риски.</p></trans-abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="zh"><p/></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hormonal contraceptives</kwd><kwd>menopausal hormone therapy drugs</kwd><kwd>endometrial cancer</kwd><kwd>breast cancer</kwd><kwd>cervical cancer</kwd><kwd>ovarian cancer</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гормональные контрацептивы</kwd><kwd>препараты менопаузальной гормональной терапии (МГТ)</kwd><kwd>рак эндометрия</kwd><kwd>рак молочной железы (РМЖ)</kwd><kwd>рак шейки матки (РШМ)</kwd><kwd>рак яичников (РЯ)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baranov II. 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