V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and GynecologyV.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and GynecologyАрхив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева2313-87262687-1386Eco-Vector60816310.17816/2313-8726-2023-10-3-209-218ReviewsНаучные обзорыReview ArticleBacterial vaginosis: modern aspects of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatmentБактериальный вагиноз: современные аспекты патогенеза, диагностики и леченияhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7830-2290DobrokhotovaYulia E.ДоброхотоваЮлия Эдуардовна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology

д-р мед. наук, профессор, зав. кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии

pr.dobrohotova@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4011-3195KazantsevaValeriya D.КазанцеваВалерия Дмитриевна
Russian Federation

Graduate Student

аспирант

shapee08@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2353-123X9407-9014OzolinyaLyudmila A.ОзолиняЛюдмила Анатольевна
Russian Federation

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

д-р мед. наук, профессор

ozolinya@yandex.ruPirogov Russian National Research Medical UniversityРоссийский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет им. Н.И. Пирогова111020231032092181110202311102023Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-VectorCopyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор2023Eco-VectorЭко-Векторhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/608163

In healthy women under normal conditions, the vaginal microbiome is primarily dominated by Lactobacillus (lactobacilli), which produce a variety of antimicrobial compounds. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the absence or significant decrease in the total number of lactobacilli and an increase in the concentration of anaerobic microbes. It is a prevalent condition among women of reproductive age worldwide. Its influence on adverse gynecological and obstetric outcomes, such as sexually transmitted infections, pelvic inflammatory diseases, and preterm labor, has been confirmed. Gardnerella vaginalis is the most frequent microorganism identified in BV and predominant in polymicrobial biofilms, which serve as a protective barrier for G. vaginalis and other BV-associated microbes from the host organism.

This review discusses the latest research findings on the pathogenesis of BV, diagnostic approaches, treatment options, and possible strategies to reduce disease recurrence.

Although various treatment regimens for the disease are currently known, they often lack long-term effectiveness. The aim of this review is to consider the peculiarities of the vaginal microbiome, summarize the current information on the development and methods of treatment of BV, and emphasize on the latest achievements of conducted studies.

У здоровых женщин в нормальных условиях в микробиоме влагалища преобладают Lactobacillus (лактобациллы), которые продуцируют различные противомикробные соединения. Бактериальный вагиноз (БВ) характеризуется отсутствием или резким снижением общего количества лактобацилл и повышением концентрации анаэробных микробов, он относится к широко распространённым заболеваниям у женщин репродуктивного возраста во всём мире. Подтверждено его влияние на неблагоприятные гинекологические и акушерские исходы, такие, как инфекции, передающиеся половым путём, воспалительные заболевания органов малого таза, преждевременные роды и др. Gardnerella vaginalis (G. vaginalis) — наиболее частый микроорганизм, идентифицируемый при БВ и преобладающий в полимикробных биоплёнках, которые выступают защитным барьером G. vaginalis и других микробов, связанных с БВ, от воздействия организма хозяина.

В данном обзоре рассмотрены последние данные о патогенезе БВ, методы диагностики, лечения, а также возможные стратегии для снижения рецидивов заболевания.

Хотя в настоящее время известны различные схемы лечения заболевания, они не эффективны в долгосрочной перспективе. Цель обзора — рассмотреть особенности микробиома влагалища, обобщить современную информацию о развитии и методах лечения БВ с акцентом на последних достижениях проведённых исследований.

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