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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">56927</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2313-8726-2020-7-4-176-190</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Modern ideas about toxoplasmosis</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Современные представления о токсоплазмозе</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kaptilnyy</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Каптильный</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>1mgmu@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Reyshtat</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рейштат</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Diana.reyshtat@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">First Moscow State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет) Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет) Минздрава России</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>176</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/56927">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/56927</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan, intracellular parasite that infects up to a third of the World’s population. Infection occurs when food or water is consumed with oocysts secreted from cat feces, or by eating undercooked or raw meat containing cysts.</italic></p> <p><italic>Primary infection is usually subclinical, but some patients may have lymphadenopathy or eye disease such as chorioretinitis. An infection acquired during pregnancy can cause serious damage to the fetus. In immunocompromised patients, reactivation of latent disease can cause life-threatening encephalitis.</italic></p> <p><italic>The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis can be established by direct detection of the parasite or using serological methods.</italic></p> <p><italic>The most commonly used and probably most effective therapeutic treatment is a combination of pyrimethamine with sulfadiazine and folic acid.</italic></p> <p><italic>The review contains information on the management of patients with acute Toxoplasma infection, as well as pregnant women infected during pregnancy. The issues of fetal toxoplasmosis and neonatal toxoplasmosis, eye diseases associated with toxoplasmosis, and the course of toxoplasmosis in immunocompromised individuals are discussed. Contradictions concerning the effectiveness of primary and secondary prevention in pregnant women are considered.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Токсоплазмоз — инфекционное заболевание, возбудителем его является Toxoplasma gondii — простейшее, внутриклеточный паразит, которым инфицировано до трети населения Земли. Инфекцией в основном заражаются при употреблении пищи или воды, загрязнённой ооцистами, выделенными с фекалиями кошек, или при употреблении недоваренного или сырого мяса, содержащего цисты.</italic></p> <p><italic>Первичная инфекция обычно протекает субклинически, но у некоторых больных может присутствовать шейная лимфаденопатия или заболевание глаз по типу хориоретинита. Инфекция, приобретённая во время беременности, может привести к серьёзному повреждению плода. У иммунокомпрометированных пациентов реактивация латентного заболевания может вызвать угрожающий жизни энцефалит.</italic></p> <p><italic>Диагноз токсоплазмоза может быть установлен путём непосредственного обнаружения паразита или с помощью серологических методов.</italic></p> <p><italic>Наиболее часто используемым и, вероятно, наиболее эффективным терапевтическим методом лечения является сочетание пириметамина с сульфадиазином и фолиевой кислотой.</italic></p> <p><italic>Обзор содержит информацию по ведению пациентов с острой токсоплазменной инфекцией, а также беременных, инфицированных во время беременности. Обсуждаются вопросы фетального токсоплазмоза и токсоплазмоза новорождённых; вопросы глазных заболеваний, ассоциированных с токсоплазмозом, и течение токсоплазмоза у иммунокомпрометированных лиц. Рассматриваются противоречия относительно эффективности первичной и вторичной профилактики у беременных.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>toxoplasmosis</kwd><kwd>Toxoplasma gondii life cycle</kwd><kwd>T. gondii diagnosis</kwd><kwd>toxoplasmosis treatment</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>токсоплазмоз</kwd><kwd>жизненный цикл Toxoplasma gondii</kwd><kwd>диагностика T. gondii</kwd><kwd>лечение токсоплазмоза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Cornelissen AW, Overdulve JP, van der Ploeg M. Determination of nuclear DNA of five eucoccidian parasites, Isospora (Toxoplasma) gondii, Sarcocystis cruzi, Eimeria tenella, E acervulina and Plasmodium berghei, with special reference to gamontogenesis and meiosis in I (T.) gondii. Parasitology. 1984;88:531–553.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="B2"><label>2.</label><mixed-citation>Frenkel JK. 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