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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">V.F.Snegirev Archives of Obstetrics and Gynecology</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Архив акушерства и гинекологии им. В.Ф. Снегирева</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">2313-8726</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2687-1386</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">56925</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/2313-8726-2020-7-4-172-175</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Научные обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">The role of carotenoids in the physiological course of pregnancy and their significance in the development of preeclampsia and fetal development delay syndrome</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Роль каротиноидов при физиологическом течении беременности и их значение в развитии преэклампсии и синдрома задержки развития плода</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Shavayeva</surname><given-names>R. Kh.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шаваева</surname><given-names>P. X.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ruzanna-shavaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashko</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурашко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ruzanna-shavaeva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en"></institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ФГАОУ ВО «Первый Московский государственный медицинский университет им. И.М. Сеченова» (Сеченовский университет) Минздрава России, 119991, г. Москва, Россия</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2020-12-27" publication-format="electronic"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>172</fpage><lpage>175</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2020-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2020-12-25"><day>25</day><month>12</month><year>2020</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2020, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2020, ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">ООО "Эко-Вектор"</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/"/></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/56925">https://archivog.com/2313-8726/article/view/56925</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Carotenoids are fat-soluble pigments synthesized by plants and some microorganisms. Thus far, more than 700 carotenoids have been identified and belong to groups of carotenes (e.g., </italic><italic>β</italic><italic>-carotene, </italic><italic>α</italic><italic>-carotene, and lycopene) as well as their hydroxylated derivatives-xanthophylls (e.g., lutein and zeaxanthin, </italic><italic>β</italic><italic>-cryptoxanthin, and astaxanthin). About 50 of these carotenoids can be found in the human diet, mainly of plant origin, and some are present in dietary supplements. Plasma levels of carotenoids are determined by their intakes from the diet, but about 95% of plasma carotenoids are represented by only six compounds: </italic><italic>β</italic><italic>-carotene, </italic><italic>α</italic><italic>-carotene, lycopene, and </italic><italic>β</italic><italic>-cryptoxanthin as well as lutein and zeaxanthin (often analyzed together; the nutritional and health effects of carotenoids are due to their multidirectional biological effects in humans, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties). Furthermore, some carotinoids (</italic><italic>β</italic><italic>-carotene, </italic><italic>α</italic><italic>-carotene, and </italic><italic>β</italic><italic>-cryptoxanthin) can be converted to vitamin A in humans, which can contribute to meeting the reguirement for this essential vitamin. The </italic><italic>β</italic><italic>-carotene conversion ratio to vitamin A is 12:1 (24:1 for others carotinoids), and is altered by individuals vitamin A status, food matrices, food preparations and the fat content of are meal. The WHO estimates the about 19 million pregnant women in low-income countries are affected by vitamin A deficiency. Many biological properties of carotenoids help maintain health by decreasing the risk of chronic non-communicable diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, some eye disorders and age-related decline in cognitive functions, which has been shown in association studies.</italic></p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><italic>Каротиноиды — это жирорастворимые пигменты, синтезируемые растениями и некоторыми микроорганизмами. К настоящему времени идентифицировано более 700 каротиноидов, которые относятся к группам каротинов (например β-каротин, α-каротин и ликопин), а также их гидроксилированные производные — ксантофиллы (например, лютеин и зеаксантин, β-криптоксантин и астаксантин). Около 50 из этих каротиноидов присутствуют в рационе человека, в основном это каротиноиды растительного происхождения, кроме того, некоторые присутствуют в пищевых добавках. Уровень каротиноидов в плазме крови зависит от рациона человека, но около 95% из них представлены только шестью соединениями: β-каротин, α-каротин, ликопин и β-криптоксантин, а также лютеин и зеаксантин. Пищевые и медицинские свойства каротиноидов обусловлены их разнонаправленным биологическим действием на человека, включая антиоксидантные, противовоспалительные и иммуномодулирующие свойства. Кроме того, некоторые каротиноиды (β-каротин, α-каротин и β-криптоксантин) могут преобразовываться в витамин А в организме человека, что способствует удовлетворению в его потребности.</italic></p> <p><italic>Коэффициент преобразования β-каротина в витамин А составляет 12:1 (24:1 для других каротиноидов) и изменяется в зависимости от содержания витамина А в организме человека, пищевых матриц, способа приготовления пищи и содержания жира в еде. По оценкам ВОЗ, около 19 млн беременных женщин в странах с низким уровнем дохода страдают дефицитом витамина А.</italic></p> <p><italic>Многие биологические свойства каротиноидов способствуют поддержанию здоровья, снижая риск развития хронических неинфекционных заболеваний, таких как рак и сердечно-сосудистые заболевания, а также некоторых глазных болезней и возрастного снижения когнитивных функций.</italic></p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>carotenoids</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>pregnancy</kwd><kwd>preeclampsia</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>каротиноиды</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>беременность</kwd><kwd>преэклампсия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Krinsky NI, Johnson EJ. Carotenoid actions and their relation to health and disease. 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