Vision in preeclampsia and other eye diseases during pregnancy: birth outcomes (a review)

Currently, the number of women who become pregnant with comorbidities is growing, including eye diseases (myopia, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and others). This is influenced by several factors, among which age plays a significant role. Unfortunately, this topic receives less attention than other extragenital conditions and complications of pregnancy and the postpartum period. However, underestimating eye diseases can affect the course of pregnancy, including increasing obstetric risks and influencing the postpartum period. Importantly, some eye diseases may worsen during pregnancy, thereby considerably compromising the postpartum period and, consequently, the quality of newborn care. A review of studies on this topic shows that hormonal and physiological changes during pregnancy can exacerbate existing eye diseases or contribute to their development, as well as affect fetal health and the prognosis of pregnancy and the postpartum period. Consequently, changes in a woman’s condition after delivery, deterioration in quality of life, and inability to provide adequate attention to the child can adversely affect the psycho-emotional well-being of the mother.