What spontaneous floral variations reveal about the regulation of flower development

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The regularitiesof floral development can be studied by analyzing spontaneous variationin flowers observed at both the intraspecific and within-individual levels.In the case of floral organs arranged in a whorl,their number (merism) can vary due to fluctuations in thesize of the floral meristem and its proliferation rate. Onesource of meristic variation is the architecture of the inflorescence:flowers with different structures may belong to different branching orders,and the true terminal flower tends to exhibit lower stability.The variability of the abaxial and adaxial floral domains isunequal. For example, in the monosymmetric corolla of Leguminosae, theadaxial petal is the most stable, which aligns with itsevolutionary conservatism within the family. A higher frequency of spontaneousvariation in the androecium, compared to other floral whorls, ishypothesized to follow the general biological rule that later-developing structurestend to be more variable. Correlations among the number oforgans in different floral whorls can help identify the principlesof floral patterning. In some taxa, the position of organsin each whorl is influenced by the position of thepreceding whorl (acropetal patterning). In other lineages, the arrangement ofstamens is influenced by the gynoecium (basipetal patterning of theandroecium). The inner androecial whorl can be patterned under theinfluence of the gynoecium, whereas the number and position ofouter stamens are determined by the perianth. In cases ofspontaneous floral fluctuation, whorls that are coordinated in terms ofpatterning exhibit a higher correlation in their merism.

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A. Sinjushin

Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: sinjushinandrey@gmail.com
Maksima Gorkog, 30, Novi Sad, 21101 Serbia

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