Роль микроядер в элиминации хроматина

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Микроядра представляют собой внеядерные хроматиновые компартменты, отделенные от основного ядра и окруженные собственной ядерной оболочкой. Долгое время считалось, что микроядра являются конечным этапом патологических процессов в клетке, и поэтому они использовались только в качестве биомаркеров влияния генотоксических факторов, а также нестабильности генома при различных заболеваниях. В настоящее время показано, что микроядра могут участвовать в процессе жизнедеятельности клеток, оказывать воздействие на ядерный геном и приводить к изменениям физиологии клеток и тканей. Известно, что образование микроядер является одним из этапов избирательной элиминации хроматина в онтогенезе некоторых видов растений и животных. При этом на уровне генома происходит узнавание участков, которые подлежат маркировке и удалению из ядра клеток; часто этот процесс сопровождается модификациями с образованием гетерохроматина, изменением конденсации хромосом и их положения в ядре. Процессы, наблюдаемые при избирательной и неизбирательной элиминации хроматина, во многом схожи. Поскольку роль микроядер в функционировании клеток еще плохо изучена, а состав микроядер и способы элиминации хроматина могут влиять на их роль в развитии патогенеза, это подчеркивает важность дополнительных исследований в этой области.

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Ю. Р. Ахмадуллина

Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства; Челябинский государственный университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: akhmadullina.yul@yandex.ru
Россия, 454141, Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 68А; 454001, Челябинск, ул. Братьев Кашириных, 129

П. О. Хоменко

Уральский научно-практический центр радиационной медицины Федерального медико-биологического агентства

Email: akhmadullina.yul@yandex.ru
Россия, 454141, Челябинск, ул. Воровского, 68А

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